Practice 1: If A Ball Is Rolling At 15 M/Sec

Practice1 If A Ball Is Rolling At A Velocity Of 15 Msec And Has A

Practice: 1. If a ball is rolling at a velocity of 1.5 m/sec and has a momentum of 10.0 kg·m/sec, what is the mass of the ball? 2. What is the velocity of an object with a mass of 2.5 kg and a momentum of 1,000 kg·m/sec? 3. Tiger Woods hits a 45.0-gram golf ball, giving it a speed of 75.0 m/sec. What momentum has Tiger given to the golf ball? 4. A 400-kilogram cannon fires a 10-kilogram cannonball at 20 m/sec. If the cannon is on wheels, at what velocity does it move backward (recoil velocity)? 5. "Big" Al stands on a skateboard at rest and throws a 0.5-kilogram rock at a velocity of 10.0 m/sec. "Big" Al moves back at 0.05 m/sec. What is the combined mass of "Big" Al and the skateboard? 6. As the boat in which he is riding approaches a dock at 3.0 m/sec, Jasper stands up in the boat and jumps toward the dock. Jasper applies an average force of 800 N on the boat for 0.30 sec as he jumps. a. How much momentum does Jasper's 80-kg body have as it lands on the dock? b. What is Jasper's speed on the dock? 7. Daryl the delivery guy gets out of his 2,000 kg truck, which rolls downhill reaching 30 m/sec before hitting a tree. The truck stops 0.72 sec after contact. a. How much momentum does the truck have just before hitting the tree? b. What is the average force applied by the tree? 8. Two billion people jump in the air at an average velocity of 7.0 m/sec. If each person has a mass of 60 kg and Earth has a mass of 5.98 × 10^24 kg: a. What is the total momentum of the people? b. What is the effect of their action on Earth? 9. Tammy, a lifeguard, jumps from her chair to the sand at a speed of 6.00 m/sec, leaving an indentation 0.10 meters deep. a. What is her momentum upon contact? b. What is the average force exerted by the sand on Tammy? 10. Explain how the recoil of a gun when fired demonstrates momentum conservation. 11. What does it mean to say that momentum is conserved? 12. What is the momentum of a 100-kg fullback running at 3.5 m/sec? 13. What is the momentum of a 75.0-kg defensive back chasing the fullback at 5.00 m/sec? 14. Two railroad cars, 2,000 kg moving east at 5 m/sec and 6,000 kg moving west at 3 m/sec, collide and couple together. What is their velocity after the collision? 15. A 4 kg ball moving at 8 m/sec collides with a stationary 1 kg ball. After collision, the 4 kg ball moves at 4.8 m/sec to the right. What is the velocity of the 1 kg ball? 16. A 0.0010 kg pellet fired at 50.0 m/sec hits and sticks in a 0.35 kg piece of wood. What is the combined speed? 17. On a tackle, Terry, 70 kg running at 7.0 m/sec, hits Jared, 100 kg running opposite at 6.0 m/sec. What is the result? 18. Sarah (50 kg) snowboarding at 7.0 m/sec holds Trevor (100 kg) approaching at 16 m/sec. If they grab hands, find their combined speed. 19. Tex, 85 kg, is thrown from a bull with a 520 kg bull running at 13.0 m/sec. Tex jumps on the bull moving at 3.00 m/sec. How fast does the bull run with Tex aboard? 20. Twins Kate (45 kg) and Karen (70 kg) jump from a boat at 3.00 m/sec and 4.00 m/sec respectively, on a boat traveling at 1.00 m/sec. What is their boat's speed afterward? 21. A 0.10 kg piece of clay hits and sticks to a stationary 0.10 kg wooden block, sliding at 15 m/sec. Find the clay’s initial speed. When a bouncy ball rebounds at 10 m/sec, what is its effect on the wooden block? 22. A 20 kg cart on which a 100 N force is applied speeds up from 3 to 8 m/sec. How long was the force applied? 23. A 3 kg ball accelerates from rest to 10 m/sec; find the change in momentum, impulse, and duration if a 40 N force acts. 24. A 2000 kg car, braking at 12000 N, stops in 5 seconds. What is the impulse, momentum change, and initial velocity? 25. A jumper at 5.0 m/sec lands on a mat; her momentum change and force upon impact are needed. 26. A 0.5 kg soccer ball is kicked with a force of 50 N for 0.2 sec. What is its final speed? 27. A baseball (0.155 kg) travels at 44.0 m/sec and then 50.0 m/sec after being hit; find the force involved if impact lasts 0.00450 sec. 28. Tom pushes a 180 kg raft with 75 N to reach 2.0 m/sec; find the pushing time. 29. Explain why riding in an airplane feels smoother at constant speed versus acceleration during takeoff or landing, in terms of impulse. 30. Convert 45°F to Celsius. 31. Convert a temperature of 350°F to Celsius for oven setting. 32. Convert 225°F to Celsius for an engine temperature gauge. 33. Convert 190.5°C to Fahrenheit for baking. 34. Convert 232°C to Fahrenheit for chemical heating. 35. Explain the temperature difference in Fahrenheit and Celsius scales if a temperature is 15°F. 36. Convert a boiling point of -175°C to Kelvin. 37. Determine whether a substance with a melting point of 275 K and a melting point of mercury at -38.87°C is mercury. 38. Identify the temperature scale for a thermometer reading 90°, based on the temperature in question.

Paper For Above instruction

Understanding momentum and temperature conversions are fundamental aspects of physics that reveal the principles governing motion and thermal measurements. This paper explores various problems involving momentum, including calculations involving mass and velocity, the conservation of momentum during collisions, and the implications of impulse. Additionally, it discusses temperature conversions among Celsius, Fahrenheit, and Kelvin scales, emphasizing their importance in scientific communication and practical applications.

Momentum, defined as the product of an object's mass and velocity, is a vector quantity indicating an object's motion. Several problems illustrate how to compute momentum in different contexts, such as sports, transportation, and everyday life. For example, Tiger Woods’ golf shot imparts momentum to the golf ball, which can be calculated by multiplying the mass by the velocity. The recoil velocity of a cannon when firing a projectile exemplifies the conservation of momentum; the total momentum before and after firing remains the same, but it redistributes between the cannon and the projectile.

Collision problems further reinforce momentum conservation principles. When two objects collide and couple, like railroad cars or balls, their combined velocity after collision can be calculated by equating the total momenta before impact. These calculations are crucial in engineering safety, vehicle design, and understanding natural phenomena. For example, the collision of two railroad cars moving in opposite directions requires summing their momenta and dividing by the combined mass to identify the final velocity.

Impulse, which is the change in momentum caused by a force applied over time, links force, time, and momentum change. Problems involving impulse often ask to find the duration of force application or the change in momentum during events like jumping or hitting a ball. For instance, the force exerted by a bat on a baseball or the force of the sand on Tammy demonstrates how impulse affects motion and how forces are distributed over short or long durations.

In addition to momentum, temperature conversion is another key topic, reflecting the different scales used worldwide. Fahrenheit, Celsius, and Kelvin serve various practical, scientific, and industrial purposes. Converting temperatures between these scales requires understanding specific formulas: Celsius to Fahrenheit (°F = (°C × 9/5) + 32), Fahrenheit to Celsius (°C = (°F - 32) × 5/9), and Celsius to Kelvin (K = °C + 273.15). These conversions facilitate international communication, such as cooking temperatures from Fahrenheit to Celsius or scientific experiments involving Kelvin units.

Accurate temperature conversions are vital in fields like chemistry and engineering. For example, knowing the boiling point of a gas in Kelvin helps determine its phase transition in different environments. Mercury's melting point comparison illustrates how to verify substance identity through temperature data, converting melting points between Celsius and Kelvin. Similarly, understanding temperature scales ensures proper oven settings and engine temperature monitoring in different countries and systems.

Overall, mastering momentum calculations and temperature conversions enables scientists and engineers to analyze physical phenomena accurately, design safer structures, and communicate effectively across regions. These skills exemplify the importance of fundamental physics principles in daily life and advanced scientific research, reinforcing the need for precise calculation methods and understanding unit conversions.

References

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