Practicum Case Scenario Study: The Following Outlines 387266

Practicum Case Scenario Study The Following Outlines General Instruct

Practicum Case Scenario/ Study The following outlines general instructions for the case scenario. Please remember not to include any HIPPA information. Concerns and questions related to care should be included. Include references to treatment plans using APA format. Case studies are expected to be a minimum of 500 words, detailed and comprehensive.

Follow the outlined structure for your case study:

- Student Name

- Submission Date

- Case Study: (CHF) Patient Initials, Age, Gender

- Subjective information from the patient (History of Present Illness/Symptoms)

- Current Medications

- Medical History – Medical Problems

- Objective findings from physical examination

- Vital Signs, Weight, Height, BMI

- Focused examination findings based on diagnoses being addressed

- Assessment with ICD-10 Diagnosis (include ICD-10 code)

- Nursing Diagnoses

- Plan: Care Plan based on the diagnosis, including specific nursing care planning, potential issues with providing comprehensive care, and best practice considerations.

- Care outcomes based on current treatment

- Possible side effects of medications or treatments

- Patient education planning/instructions

- Follow-up plans to assess response to treatment

- References

Paper For Above instruction

Introduction

Heart failure (HF) is a complex clinical syndrome resulting from structural or functional cardiac disorders that impair the ventricle's ability to fill with or eject blood, causing inadequate perfusion of tissues. This case study focuses on a patient diagnosed with congestive heart failure (CHF), exploring subjective and objective findings, diagnosis, nursing care plans, and treatment considerations. The purpose of this detailed analysis is to demonstrate comprehensive nursing assessment and management aligned with current best practices to enhance patient outcomes.

Patient Background and Subjective Data

The patient, with the initials A.B., is a 67-year-old male presenting with complaints of progressive fatigue, dyspnea on exertion, and bilateral lower extremity edema over the past two weeks. He reports a history of hypertension, which has been poorly controlled, and a recent increase in nocturnal cough. The patient notes that his symptoms worsen when lying flat, indicating orthopnea, and he has experienced weight gain of approximately 5 pounds in this period. He denies chest pain but reports occasional palpitations and decreased activity tolerance.

Current Medications and Medical History

A.B.'s medication regimen includes lisinopril 20 mg daily, furosemide 40 mg twice daily, and aspirin 81 mg daily. His medical history reveals longstanding hypertension, prior myocardial infarction five years ago, and hyperlipidemia. He has no known allergies and does not smoke or consume alcohol regularly. He reports previous hospitalizations for fluid overload and uses over-the-counter medications as needed.

Objective Findings and Physical Examination

Vital signs indicate a blood pressure of 150/92 mm Hg, pulse of 98 bpm, respiratory rate of 20 breaths per minute, temperature of 98.4°F, and oxygen saturation of 92% on room air. The patient weighs 210 pounds, with a height of 5'9" (175 cm), resulting in a BMI of 32.8 kg/m^2, classifying him as obese. On physical exam, bilateral pitting edema to the mid-shins is evident. Auscultation of the lungs reveals bilateral crackles at the lung bases. Cardiac examination shows a displaced, tachycardic PMI with S3 gallop. Jugular venous distension (JVD) is noted at 8 cm above the sternal angle. No skin cyanosis or clubbing observed.

Focused Examination and Diagnostic Assessment

Focused cardiac and pulmonary examinations corroborate signs of volume overload. Laboratory findings include elevated B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) at 850 pg/mL. An echocardiogram reveals a reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of 35%, indicating systolic heart failure. Chest X-ray shows cardiomegaly and pulmonary congestion. The ICD-10 diagnosis codes include I50.9 (Heart failure, unspecified) and I50.22 (Chronic systolic heart failure).

Nursing Diagnoses

Based on assessment data, the primary nursing diagnoses include:

- Excess fluid volume related to impaired cardiac function as evidenced by edema, JVD, lung crackles, and weight gain.

- Activity intolerance related to decreased cardiac output as evidenced by fatigue and dyspnea.

- Risk for decreased tissue perfusion related to compromised cardiac function.

- Knowledge deficit regarding disease management.

Care Planning and Implementation

A comprehensive care plan emphasizes individualized interventions to improve cardiac function and patient quality of life. Key objectives include reducing fluid overload, improving activity tolerance, and enhancing patient understanding of disease process and medication adherence.

Fluid Management and Monitoring:

Regular assessment of intake and output, daily weight measurements, and vigilant monitoring of edema and lung sounds are critical. Diuretics (furosemide) are titrated appropriately, considering electrolyte balance and renal function, to reduce preload and pulmonary congestion. Ensuring safe administration and monitoring for side effects such as hypokalemia and dehydration are essential.

Medication Management:

Lisinopril aims to reduce afterload and prevent remodeling, while ACE inhibitors’ side effects, such as hyperkalemia and hypotension, require monitoring. Patient education about the importance of medication adherence and recognizing adverse effects is vital.

Ongoing Assessment and Education:

Patient teaching encompasses dietary modifications (low sodium diet), fluid restrictions as prescribed, recognition of worsening signs (increased edema, weight gain, dyspnea), and adherence to prescribed medications. Pulmonary and cardiac function status are periodically reviewed through follow-up visits and non-invasive imaging as indicated.

Promoting Activity and Lifestyle Changes:

Gradual reintroduction of activity tailored to tolerance levels, with emphasis on energy conservation techniques and smoking cessation counseling if applicable.

Outcomes and Evaluation

Expected outcomes include a decrease in edema, stabilization or improvement of breathing difficulty, weight loss, and enhanced understanding of disease management. Regular follow-up ensures early detection of worsening symptoms, which guides prompt intervention to prevent hospitalization.

Medication Side Effects and Safety

Common side effects of medications such as furosemide and lisinopril include electrolyte disturbances, hypotension, and renal impairment. Monitoring labs regularly and educating the patient about symptoms such as dizziness, weakness, and irregular heartbeat are necessary preventive strategies.

Patient Education and Follow-Up

Education focuses on medication adherence, lifestyle modifications, symptom monitoring, and when to seek emergency care. Scheduled follow-up visits facilitate ongoing assessment of cardiac function, medication effectiveness, and patient compliance, integrating multidisciplinary support as needed to optimize outcomes.

Conclusion

Effective management of CHF requires a multidisciplinary approach rooted in thorough assessment, tailored nursing interventions, patient education, and ongoing evaluation. By implementing evidence-based care strategies, nurses can significantly impact the quality of life and prognosis of patients with heart failure.

References

  1. Yancy, C. W., Jessup, M., Bozkurt, B., et al. (2017). 2017 ACC/AHA/HFSA Focused Update of the 2013 ACCF/AHA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 70(6), 776-803.
  2. Ponikowski, P., Voors, A. A., Anker, S. D., et al. (2016). 2016 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure. European Heart Journal, 37(27), 2129-2200.
  3. McMurray, J. J. V., Packer, M., Desai, A. S., et al. (2014). Angiotensin–Neprilysin Inhibition versus Enalapril in Heart Failure. New England Journal of Medicine, 371(11), 993-1004.
  4. Jessup, M., & Brozena, S. (2003). Heart failure. New England Journal of Medicine, 348(20), 2007-2018.
  5. Riegel, B., Moser, D. K., Buck, H. G., et al. (2019). Self-care of heart failure. Journal of Cardiac Failure, 25(8), 648-663.
  6. Ponikowski, P., et al. (2014). ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure. European Heart Journal, 35(27), 1816-1857.
  7. Johnson, W., & Kitzman, D. (2018). Heart Failure with preserved Ejection Fraction. Cardiology Clinics, 36(4), 399-417.
  8. McMurray, J. J., et al. (2021). Heart Failure: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Prognosis. The Lancet, 396(10261), 826-843.
  9. Whellan, D. J., et al. (2007). Nurse-led management of heart failure patients. European Journal of Heart Failure, 9(4), 409-415.
  10. Yancy, C. W., et al. (2013). 2013 ACCF/AHA guideline for the management of heart failure. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 62(16), e147-e239.