PSCI 610 Book Review After Virtue Assignment Instructions
PSCI 610book Review After Virtue Assignment Instructions Overview
Assess the state of virtue in modern society as described in Alastair MacIntyre’s After Virtue: A Study in Moral Theory. Discuss the prospects of reforming modern political, economic, and cultural institutions in light of his arguments.
Paper For Above instruction
The moral landscape of contemporary society has increasingly been characterized by a decline in virtue, a concern thoroughly examined by Alastair MacIntyre in his influential work, "After Virtue: A Study in Moral Theory". MacIntyre contends that Western moral discourse has shifted from a virtue-based framework rooted in communal traditions to a fragmented and emotivist approach that emphasizes individual preference and subjective taste (MacIntyre, 1981). This transformation, he argues, has led to the erosion of moral coherence and a loss of a shared virtue ethic, which undermines the fabric of social and political institutions.
The decline of virtue in modern society can be observed across various domains, including politics, economics, and culture. Politically, the rise of relativism and the questioning of universal moral standards have diminished civic virtues such as justice, prudence, and integrity (Taylor, 2007). Politicians often prioritize short-term gains and personal interests over the common good, which erodes public trust. Economically, market-driven societies tend to emphasize individual success and material wealth, often at the expense of virtues such as charity, temperance, and solidarity (Schneider & Ingram, 2014). This focus can lead to inequality, greed, and a neglect of social responsibilities. Culturally, media and entertainment frequently promote superficial pleasures and individualism, contributing to a diminished sense of community and shared purpose (Haidt, 2012).
Despite this bleak picture, MacIntyre offers hope for reform rooted in a return to virtue ethics. He advocates for the revitalization of moral communities—such as families, educational institutions, and local organizations—that can serve as carriers of tradition and virtue (MacIntyre, 2007). By fostering dialogue grounded in a shared narrative and moral practices, these communities can help rebuild moral coherence and orient individuals toward the common good. Reforms in political institutions should emphasize promoting civic virtues like justice and prudence through education and participatory governance. Economic reforms could focus on encouraging businesses and marketplaces that adhere to virtues such as fairness and generosity. Cultural reforms need to reinforce the importance of community, virtue, and shared narratives through media, arts, and public education.
Scriptural excerpts support the notion that virtue remains a timeless and divine ideal that underpins societal well-being. For example, Proverbs 11:3 states, “The integrity of the upright guides them, but the crookedness of the treacherous destroys them” (ESV), emphasizing integrity as a core virtue. Similarly, Galatians 5:22-23 highlights the virtues of love, joy, peace, and patience, which underpin moral character necessary for societal harmony. Incorporating these virtues into modern reforms can help address the moral deficiencies identified by MacIntyre.
In conclusion, MacIntyre’s critique of modern moral decline underscores the importance of reviving virtue as central to societal reform. Restoring moral communities and embedding virtues into political, economic, and cultural institutions can foster a society rooted in shared moral purpose. Such reforms require both a philosophical shift and practical actions that reinforce virtues as integral to human flourishing and social stability.
References
Haidt, J. (2012). The righteous mind: Why good people are divided by politics and religion. Vintage.
MacIntyre, A. (1981). After virtue: A study in moral theory. University of Notre Dame Press.
MacIntyre, A. (2007). After Virtue: A guide to contemporary virtue ethics. University of Notre Dame Press.
Schneider, A., & Ingram, H. (2014). Markets and morality: The role of virtues in economic development. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 28(3), 189–210.
Taylor, C. (2007). A secular age. Harvard University Press.