Public Class Employee Test Static Void Main String Args

Public Class Employeetestpublic Static Void Mainstring Argsemplo

Public Class Employeetestpublic Static Void Mainstring Argsemplo

public class EmployeeTest { public static void main(String[] args) { Employee[] folks = new Employee[4]; // parameters are name, id number, yearly salary folks[0] = new SalariedEmployee("Suzy",123,520000.00); // parameters are name, id number, wage rate, hours worked per week folks[1] = new WageEmployee("Fred",456,7.50,40); folks[2] = new SalariedEmployee("Harry",234,45000.00); folks[3] = new WageEmployee("Rita",345,7.76,38); // Suzy wants to be known as Suzanne now // and Harry wants to be Harold folks[0].setName("Suzanne"); folks[2].setName("Harold"); for(int i=0; i

Paper For Above instruction

Public Class Employeetestpublic Static Void Mainstring Argsemplo

The provided code is a Java program designed to demonstrate inheritance and polymorphism within an employee management system. The system includes different employee types—namely salaried employees and wage employees—each with their unique way of calculating monthly pay. The core challenge is to implement this hierarchy using abstract classes and methods to enable flexible and extendable code design.

Introduction

In object-oriented programming (OOP), abstraction plays a pivotal role by allowing developers to define a general template for related classes, while deferring specific implementations to subclasses. An abstract class cannot be instantiated and often contains abstract methods that subclasses are required to implement. Applying this concept to an employee management system ensures that common features are encapsulated in a base class, while specialized behaviors like calculating monthly pay are handled by concrete subclasses.

Designing the Class Hierarchy

The class hierarchy for this employee system involves an abstract base class, Employee, which encapsulates shared attributes such as name and idNumber. It also declares an abstract method, getMonthlyPay(), which must be implemented by all subclasses. Two subclasses extend Employee: SalariedEmployee and WageEmployee. The SalariedEmployee calculates its pay based on an annual salary, while WageEmployee computes pay based on hourly wages and hours worked.

Implementing the Abstract Class and Methods

The Employee class is defined as abstract, including common attributes with their getters and setters, and an abstract method getMonthlyPay(). The subclasses implement this method according to their specific payment calculation logic.

Employee Abstract Class

public abstract class Employee {
private String name;
private int idNumber;
public Employee(String name, int idNumber) {
this.name = name;
this.idNumber = idNumber;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getIdNumber() {
return idNumber;
}
public void setIdNumber(int idNumber) {
this.idNumber = idNumber;
}
public abstract double getMonthlyPay();
}

SalariedEmployee Subclass

public class SalariedEmployee extends Employee {
private double annualSalary;
public SalariedEmployee(String name, int idNumber, double annualSalary) {
super(name, idNumber);
this.annualSalary = annualSalary;
}
public double getAnnualSalary() {
return annualSalary;
}
public void setAnnualSalary(double annualSalary) {
this.annualSalary = annualSalary;
}
@Override
public double getMonthlyPay() {
return annualSalary / 12;
}
}

WageEmployee Subclass

public class WageEmployee extends Employee {
private double hourlyWage;
private int hoursWorkedPerWeek;
public WageEmployee(String name, int idNumber, double hourlyWage, int hoursWorkedPerWeek) {
super(name, idNumber);
this.hourlyWage = hourlyWage;
this.hoursWorkedPerWeek = hoursWorkedPerWeek;
}
public double getHourlyWage() {
return hourlyWage;
}
public void setHourlyWage(double hourlyWage) {
this.hourlyWage = hourlyWage;
}
public int getHoursWorkedPerWeek() {
return hoursWorkedPerWeek;
}
public void setHoursWorkedPerWeek(int hoursWorkedPerWeek) {
this.hoursWorkedPerWeek = hoursWorkedPerWeek;
}
@Override
public double getMonthlyPay() {
// Approximate 4.33 weeks per month
return hourlyWage  hoursWorkedPerWeek  4.33;
}
}

Modified Main Class for Testing

The main class creates an array of Employee references, instantiated with subclasses SalariedEmployee and WageEmployee. It updates some employee names, then iterates through the array, printing each employee's name and their calculated monthly pay using polymorphism.

public class EmployeeTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Employee[] folks = new Employee[4];
// Create instances of employees
folks[0] = new SalariedEmployee("Suzy", 123, 520000.00);
folks[1] = new WageEmployee("Fred", 456, 7.50, 40);
folks[2] = new SalariedEmployee("Harry", 234, 45000.00);
folks[3] = new WageEmployee("Rita", 345, 7.76, 38);
// Updating names
folks[0].setName("Suzanne");
folks[2].setName("Harold");
// Display each employee's name and monthly pay
for (int i = 0; i 
System.out.println(folks[i].getName() + " earns " + 
String.format("%.2f", folks[i].getMonthlyPay()) + " each month");
}
}
}

Conclusion

Implementing an abstract class with abstract methods in an employee management system enhances code flexibility, readability, and scalability. It encapsulates shared attributes and behaviors while enforcing subclasses to define specific calculations like monthly pay. Such design adheres to the principles of polymorphism, allowing objects of different subclasses to be treated uniformly. This approach simplifies maintenance and makes the system readily extendable for future employee types or payment structures.

References

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• Deitel, P., & Deitel, H. (2011). Java How to Program (10th ed.). Pearson.
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• Haley, T. (2010). Object-Oriented Programming with Java: A Software Developer's Guide. O'Reilly Media.
• Bloch, J. (2008). Effective Java (2nd ed.). Addison-Wesley.
• Gosling, J., Joy, B., Steele, G., & Bracha, G. (2014). The Java Language Specification (Java SE 8 Edition). Oracle.
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• Javaranch. (2020). Abstract Classes and Methods in Java. Retrieved from https://www.coderanch.com/t/582060/java/abstract-classes-methods-java