Question 1 In Ethnography: Your Role As A Researcher

Question 1 in Ethnography Your Role As A Researcher Is Toastudy Anima

QUESTION 1 In ethnography, your role as a researcher is to a. study animal subjects in their natural environment. b. make careful observations and record the social structure of the group. c. identify factors in a person’s past that may have contributed to current behavioral problems. d. determine the network of interpersonal relations within a group.

QUESTION 2 Write the first words for the following pages in your textbook in order: points

QUESTION 3 If you were to analyze transcripts of congressional hearings for instances of certain types of behavior, you would be using the case history method. participant observation. naturalistic observation. content analysis.

QUESTION 4 Observer bias occurs when only one observer is used. observers are blind to the purposes of a study. observers are not trained. observers know the goals of a study or the hypotheses being tested.

QUESTION 5 You are a psychotherapist who has a client with a unique combination of symptoms. With your client's permission, you write an article summarizing and interpreting those symptoms. The method of research being used here is archival research. the case history method. content analysis. a quasi-experiment.

QUESTION 6 _______ involves identifying and measuring interpersonal relationships within a group. ethnography content analysis the case history method sociometry

QUESTION 7 In ________, you study existing records. a case history naturalistic observation participant observation archival research

QUESTION 8 ________ is a method of reviewing and summarizing literature in which you statistically combine or compare the results from different studies. meta-analysis a traditional literature review literature analysis library research analysis

QUESTION 9 Cohen’s Kappa is used to evaluate interrater reliability. determine how reliable a single observer is. evaluate the validity of your behavior categories. determine whether a single observer's observations are accurate.

QUESTION 10 You are interested in studying the mating habits of chimpanzees. Consequently, you travel to Africa and observe a group of chimpanzees from afar. The method being used in this example is field experimentation. content analysis. naturalistic observation. participant observation.

Paper For Above instruction

Ethnography is a qualitative research method that involves the systematic study of people and cultures from the insider's point of view. As a researcher engaged in ethnography, the primary role is to immerse oneself in the natural environment of the subjects to understand their behaviors, social interactions, and cultural norms. Among the provided options, the most accurate description aligns with making careful observations and recording the social structures within the group, encapsulating the essence of ethnography’s focus on understanding social dynamics in their natural context.

In analyzing texts or transcripts such as congressional hearings, content analysis is the most suitable method. This approach systematically examines the content for recurring themes, behaviors, or instances of interest, allowing researchers to identify patterns or behaviors within large textual datasets. Content analysis is invaluable in political science and communication studies for analyzing speeches, transcripts, or media content for specific behaviors or themes.

Observer bias is a critical concern in research. It occurs primarily when observers are aware of the study’s hypotheses or goals, and this knowledge influences their observations, either consciously or unconsciously. Therefore, the correct answer is that observer bias occurs when observers know the goals of a study or the hypotheses being tested. Mitigating this bias often involves strategies like blinding observers to the study aims.

The case history method involves detailed examination of an individual’s personal history, symptoms, and experiences. As a qualitative approach, it allows in-depth understanding of complex cases, particularly in clinical psychology or psychiatry. In the scenario where a psychotherapist writes a detailed account of a client’s symptoms with permission, this method best describes the approach, emphasizing its focus on individual case analysis.

Sociometry is a technique used to identify and measure interpersonal relationships within a group. It provides a visual map of social links, hierarchies, and relationships, making it a crucial tool in social psychology and organizational studies. Sociometry helps in understanding the structure of social networks and can inform interventions to improve group cohesion or address social dynamics.

Studying existing records falls under archival research, which involves analyzing data that have already been collected for another purpose. This method is commonly used in historical studies, epidemiology, and social sciences where records, documents, or datasets are examined to uncover trends or insights without direct interaction with subjects.

Meta-analysis is a statistical technique that synthesizes results across multiple studies to identify overall patterns or effects. By combining data quantitatively, researchers can achieve greater power and more robust conclusions than individual studies alone. This method enhances understanding of broad scientific phenomena and is vital in evidence-based disciplines like medicine and psychology.

Cohen’s Kappa assesses interrater reliability, quantifying the degree of agreement between two or more raters beyond what would be expected by chance. It is instrumental in validating observational studies, coding schemes, or diagnostic assessments, ensuring that the data collected are consistent regardless of who the rater is. A high Kappa indicates strong reliability in the measurement process.

Studying chimpanzee mating habits through distant observation exemplifies naturalistic observation. This method involves observing subjects in their natural environment without interference, allowing researchers to understand authentic behaviors in situ. It is particularly useful in ethology and ecological psychology where the goal is to observe natural behaviors without experimental manipulation.

References

• Babbie, E. (2015). The Practice of Social Research (14th ed.). Cengage Learning.
• Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches (4th ed.). SAGE Publications.
• Patton, M. Q. (2015). Qualitative Research & Evaluation Methods (4th ed.). SAGE Publications.
• Silverman, D. (2016). Qualitative Research. SAGE Publications.
• Krippendorff, K. (2018). Content Analysis: An Introduction to Its Methodology. SAGE Publications.
• Fisher, C. B. (2010). Decoding the Ethics Code: A Practical Guide for Psychologists. SAGE Publications.
• Fletcher, R. (2012). Conducting Archives-Based Research. Journal of the Society of Archivists, 33(1), 45-60.
• Rosenberg, M. (2007). The Use of Meta-Analysis in Psychological Research. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92(5), 1012-1024.
• Hallgren, K. A. (2012). Computing Interrater Reliability for Observational Data: An Overview and Tutorial. Tutorials in Quantitative Methods for Psychology, 8(1), 23-34.
• Boesch, C. (1991). Hunting behavior in wild chimpanzees of Tai National Park. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 84(4), 547-557.