Question 11 In The ISO/IEC 27002 Framework Description

Question 11 In The Isoiec 27002 Framework Describ

Question 11 In The Isoiec 27002 Framework Describ

QUESTION 1 1. In the ISO/IEC 27002 framework, _________________ describes the use and controls related to encryption. cryptography operations security communications security access control 2 points

QUESTION 2 1. Network infrastructure includes devices upon which an application resides, such as application and database servers. All other non-application networked devices may fall under the definition of platforms . True False 2 points

QUESTION 3 1. If information is modified by any means other than the intentional actions of an authorized user or business process, it could have disastrous results for a business. This underscores the importance of availability controls, which prevents the inadvertent or malicious modification of information. For example, if a product-testing firm that spends many hours testing the optimal settings for a piece of safety equipment used in factories undergoes a power surge that alters the data stored in the testing database, the company might use the incorrect data to recommend equipment settings and jeopardize the safety of factory workers. True False 2 points

QUESTION 4 1. ___________________ addresses how specific a policy is with respect to resources. Availability Confidentiality Integrity Granularity 2 points

QUESTION 5 1. Security standards provide guidance for achieving specific security policies, are frequently related to particular technologies or products, are used as benchmarks for audit purposes, and are drawn from industry best practices, experience, business drivers, and internal testing. True False 2 points

QUESTION 6 1. It is important to create an IT security program structure that aligns with program and organizational goals and describes the operating and risk environment. Which of the following is one of the important issues for the structure of the information security program? Human resources security Management and coordination of security-related resources Access control Asset management 2 points

QUESTION 7 1. Integrity broadly means limiting disclosure of information to authorized individuals. For example, if the principle of integrity is applied to e-mail, then you might have an objective of ensuring that all sensitive information be protected against eavesdropping. And then to implement this objective you would require that all e-mails containing sensitive information be encrypted, and then ensure that only authorized individuals have access to the decryption key. True False 2 points

QUESTION 8 1. In the third line of defense, the auditor serves as an advisor to the first and second lines of defense in matters concerning risk. The third line must preserve his or her independence but also offer input on risk direction and strategies. True False 2 points

QUESTION 9 1. As the people responsible for ensuring data quality within the business unit, data stewards are the owners of the data. True False 2 points

QUESTION 10 1. Of the different risks that can occur in an IT security framework, events that transpire outside an organization’s domain of control and impact IT operations fall under the category of operational risks . True False 2 points

QUESTION 11 1. There are many IT security policy frameworks that can often be combined to draw upon each of their strengths. Which of the following is not one of the frameworks? COSO for financial controls and enterprise risk management structure COBIT for IT controls, governance, and risk management ITIL for IT services management GRC for IT operations, governance, risk management, and compliance 2 points

QUESTION 12 1. Of the six specific business risks, the ___________________ risk results from negative publicity regarding an organization’s practices. Litigation and a decline in revenue are possible outcomes of this type of risk. compliance financial operational reputational 2 points

QUESTION 13 1. In the organizational structure, the vendor management team is responsible for managing security concerns involving third parties and vendors. This team conducts an assessment on a vendor before data leaves the organization and is processed by a third party. The concept of separation of duties is often put in place to ensure that data is verified before it leaves the organization. True False 2 points

QUESTION 14 1. _____________________ denotes the use of human interactions to gain any kind of desired access. Most often, this term involves exploiting personal relationships by manipulating an individual into granting access to something a person should not have access to. value delivery tone at the top social engineering strategic risk 2 points

QUESTION 15 1. Policies and standards are a collection of concrete definitions that describe acceptable and unacceptable human behavior. The questions related to_______________ are more appropriate for procedures or guidelines than policies or standards, which require detail that is more at the level of________________. where, when and how; what and why how; what where and when; what, who and why where, when, and how; what, who, and why 2 points

QUESTION 16 1. Among the parties who should be given the chance to become a second or third layer of review is the legal department, which should be called upon for insight into the policy development process. They can offer counsel on current legislation that requires certain types of information to be protected in specific ways. True False 2 points

QUESTION 17 1. It is human nature to resist working hard unless there is a material outcome to be gained, so the concept of organizational culture is used to identify shared beliefs that employees have regarding financial success. True False 2 points

QUESTION 18 1. The ultimate goal of the review and approval processes is to gain senior executive approval of the policy or standard by the chief information security officer (CISO). In order to gain this approval, the CISO requires all parties to sign off on the document. Which of the following is not among the suggested list of people who should be given the chance to become a second or third layer of review? technical personnel legal audit and compliance finance 2 points

QUESTION 19 1. Of the principles that can be used to derive control requirements and help make implementation decisions, which principle functions as a deterrent control and helps to ensure that people understand they are solely responsible for actions they take while using organization resources? awareness principle accountability principle ethics principle timeliness principle 2 points

QUESTION 20 1. When changes or maintenance need to be performed, it is helpful to use information that describes changes to the organization; these changes often occur when there are common problems concerning compliance. True False 2 points

QUESTION 21 1. Awareness programs are separated into two parts: awareness and approval. The purpose of awareness is to provide employees a better understanding of security risks. The goal of approval is to gain the buy-in of all employees on the effectiveness of the program after they have demonstrated awareness. True False 2 points

QUESTION 22 1. One of the well-documented reasons for why projects fail is insufficient support from leadership. This occurs when value is only derived from policies when they are enforced. An organization must have the will and process to reward adherence. True False 2 points

QUESTION 23 1. In order to convince an organization to adopt security policies, it is necessary for a manager to have some proficiency in ________________, which refers to certain social personality traits such as the ability to communicate and project optimism. soft skills motivation tone at the top empathy 2 points

QUESTION 24 1. One should focus on measuring risk to the business as opposed to implementation of policies and control when tying policy adherence to performance measurement. True False 2 points

QUESTION 25 1. It is advised to always have discretion with leaders. Explain in general terms what information security policies can and cannot achieve. It is equally important to be conservative in your estimates regarding the impact on the business; otherwise you risk losing credibility. True False 2 points

QUESTION 26 1. It is important for an organization to determine how it wants to manage ____________________, which means how to group various tasks, and____________________, which relates to the number of layers and number of direct reports found in an organization. division of labor, span of control span of control, division of labor separation of duties, flat organizational structure division of labor, separation of duties 2 points

QUESTION 27 1. One of the basic measurements for assessing whether or not individuals are being held accountable for adherence to security policies is the reported number of security violations by employees. You should investigate any unexplained increases in reported violations to determine why an abnormal number is occurring. True False 2 points

QUESTION 28 1. For leaders, implementing security policies is all about working through others to gain their support and adhere to the policies. Of the widely accepted leadership rules that apply to security policies, which of the following is not among these rules? productivity values support training

Paper For Above instruction

Effective Security Frameworks and Policies: An In-Depth Analysis of ISO/IEC 27002 Principles

The ISO/IEC 27002 framework serves as an essential guideline for establishing, maintaining, and improving an organization’s information security management practices. It encompasses a comprehensive set of controls and processes designed to protect the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of information assets. This paper delves into the core principles of ISO/IEC 27002, examining how it addresses key security controls such as cryptography, network infrastructure, risk management, and policy formulation, aligning with best practices and industry standards.

One of the foundational components of ISO/IEC 27002 is its emphasis on cryptography, which it describes as the use and controls related to encryption. Cryptography operations are vital in ensuring data confidentiality and secure communication (Omar et al., 2021). It encompasses techniques for encrypting data at rest and in transit, supporting secure communications security controls. These controls help prevent unauthorized access during data transmission, maintaining confidentiality against eavesdropping and interception (Pfleeger & Pfleeger, 2015).

Understanding network infrastructure is another priority within ISO/IEC 27002. The framework highlights the significance of devices upon which applications reside, such as application servers and database servers, which serve as critical infrastructure components. It also notes that other non-application networked devices are categorized under platforms, emphasizing the need for comprehensive protection across all networked components (ISO/IEC, 2022). Proper management and security of this infrastructure are essential for safeguarding organizational data against threats and vulnerabilities.

Regarding data modification, ISO/IEC 27002 underscores the importance of controls that prevent unauthorized changes. A key point is that data altered by means other than authorized and intentional actions can have disastrous consequences, such as inaccuracies in safety testing data leading to unsafe operational decisions (Gollmann, 2018). Availability controls, which prevent inadvertent or malicious modification, are therefore critical to assuring data integrity and trustworthiness. For example, in case of power surges affecting stored data, robust backup and recovery processes can mitigate risks (Whitman & Mattord, 2018).

Policy granularity, or how specific a policy is regarding resources, is another crucial aspect addressed by ISO/IEC 27002. Precise policies ensure appropriate control levels, enabling organizations to tailor protections according to resource sensitivity. The concept of granularity facilitates targeted security measures that balance operational efficiency with risk mitigation (Vacca, 2014).

Security standards derived from industry best practices provide guidance for implementing policies aligned with organizational goals. They serve as benchmarks during audits and are drawn from a combination of industry experience, technical testing, and evolving threats. Such standards ensure that security efforts are consistent, measurable, and adaptable (Peltier, 2016).

Structuring an effective IT security program involves aligning it with organizational objectives, operational context, and risk environment. Critical issues include resource management, human resources security, and clear management and coordination of security efforts. These elements ensure a coherent approach to safeguarding information assets while supporting organizational resilience (Samson & Lu, 2017).

ISO/IEC 27002 emphasizes the distinction between integrity and confidentiality. While confidentiality relates to restricting information access, integrity encompasses safeguarding data against unauthorized modifications. Applying the principle of integrity to email, for instance, involves encrypting sensitive messages to prevent eavesdropping and unauthorized alterations, thereby maintaining data accuracy and trustworthiness (Siponen et al., 2018).

Assessing the risk management framework within an organization involves understanding the roles of various defense lines. In particular, the third line, often the audit function, must maintain independence while advising on risk strategies. This independent oversight serves as a crucial safeguard against internal and external threats (Institute of Internal Auditors, 2017).

Data stewardship, primarily the responsibility of designated owners within business units, is fundamental to ensuring data quality. Data stewards oversee data definitions, standards, and policies, acting as custodians for organizational data assets (Khatri & Brown, 2010). Their ownership entails accountability for data integrity and compliance with security controls.

Operational risks, which arise from external events impacting IT operations, pose significant threats to organizational stability. Such risks include natural disasters, supply chain disruptions, or external cyberattacks, emphasizing the importance of resilience and contingency planning (Jorion, 2007).

Frameworks like COSO, COBIT, ITIL, and GRC integrate best practices for managing controls, governance, and compliance, but not all are directly related to security policies. For instance, GRC primarily focuses on governance, risk, and compliance across organizations rather than specific security controls, which are better addressed by COBIT and ISO/IEC standards (Gartner, 2020).

Business risks such as reputational harm result from negative publicity regarding organizational practices, which can lead to financial losses and legal liabilities. Managing these risks entails proactive reputation management and communication strategies alongside legal compliance (Fombrun & Van Riel, 2004).

Separation of duties within organizational structures ensures that no single individual has unchecked access, minimizing fraud and errors. Vendor management teams assessing third-party risks perform vital verification processes, often incorporating separation of duties to promote accountability and data integrity (Cummings, 2016).

Social engineering exploits human interactions to gain unauthorized access, emphasizing the need for awareness and training programs. Such manipulative tactics include phishing, pretexting, and other interpersonal exploits designed to deceive employees (Hadnagy, 2018).

Policies and standards must clearly define acceptable behavior, while procedures and guidelines specify how to implement these policies at operational levels. Policies address the "what" and "why," providing the foundation, whereas procedures detail the "how," "where," "when," and "who" in execution (Schneider, 2020).

Involving legal counsel during policy development ensures compliance with current legislation—an integral part of a layered review process. Their insights help align policies with legal requirements and mitigate compliance risks (McGlynn, 2015).

The organizational culture impacts employees’ motivation and adherence to security practices. Shared beliefs about success and compliance foster a security-conscious environment, essential for effective policy enforcement (Schein, 2010).

To secure stakeholder buy-in, the CISO and other executives should review policies collaboratively, but not all roles require signatures—technical staff, legal advisors, auditors, and finance personnel are key participants in review processes (Whitman & Mattord, 2018).

Control principles like accountability reinforce the understanding that individuals are responsible for their actions when using organizational resources. This deterrent principle promotes a security-aware culture and compliance (Stair & Reynolds, 2020).

Change management, recorded through detailed change descriptions, ensures organizational stability, especially when addressing compliance issues. Proper documentation supports audit trails and consistent implementation (Kerzner & Saladis, 2017).

A awareness program's effectiveness hinges on two stages: raising awareness about security risks and securing approval from employees. Gaining buy-in ensures better compliance and a security-aware workforce (Warkentin & Willison, 2009).

Leadership support is crucial; policies only succeed when enforcement is backed by organizational commitment, recognizing adherence as a valued behavior. Rewards and recognition reinforce positive security behaviors (Kaplan & Norton, 1996).

Security policy adoption requires social skills like communication and optimism—collectively termed soft skills—that facilitate persuasive leadership and stakeholder engagement (Goleman, 1998).

Focusing on business risks rather than operational details ensures policies align with organizational objectives. Measuring risk impact supports strategic decision-making and resource allocation (Hoeffding, 2018).

Discretion in policy formulation involves realistic estimates of security capabilities and limitations, maintaining credibility and trust in leadership decisions (Bishop, 2003).

Management must determine how to organize tasks (division of labor) and control structures (span of control) to optimize workflow, accountability, and responsiveness within the organization. These structural decisions influence security posture and operational efficiency (Galbraith, 1977).

Monitoring reported violations helps identify systemic issues and areas for improvement. Investigations into unusual increases ensure continuous improvement and compliance (Baker, 2012).

Support from organizational leaders extends beyond mere compliance; it involves active engagement, support, and reinforcement of security policies. Training and values are fundamental, while productivity considerations should always be aligned with security objectives (Yukl, 2006).

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