Questions Short Answers Only 250 Or Less Words
5 Questions Short Answers Only 250 Or Less Wordschriss J J 2022
5 Questions Short Answers Only 250 Or Less Wordschriss J J 2022
5 questions! Short answers only! 250 or less words! Chriss, J. J. (2022). Social control: An introduction (3rd ed.). Polity Press. Chapter 3. Informal Control Chapter 6. Informal Control: Case Studies. Lippman, M. (2021). Law and society (3rd ed.). SAGE. Chapter 6. Dispute Resolution Chapter 11. Law and Racial and Ethnic Inequality. Beckett, K., & Herbert, S. (2009). Banished: The new social control in urban America. Oxford University Press. Toward Banishment: The Transformation of Urban Social Control (p. 37–62)
Paper For Above instruction
Social control is a fundamental concept within sociology and law, encompassing mechanisms that regulate individual and collective behavior. The materials by Chriss (2022), Lippman (2021), and Beckett & Herbert (2009) explore different facets of social control, including informal mechanisms, dispute resolution, racial inequalities, and urban transformations.
In Chriss’s work, informal social control refers to the unwritten rules and social sanctions that guide everyday behavior without formal legal intervention (Chriss, 2022). Such mechanisms include community norms, peer influence, and social expectations. For example, community members might shame or ostracize those who violate local customs, reinforcing social cohesion and conformity. Case studies highlight that informal control is often more immediate and adaptable than formal sanctions, but its effectiveness depends on social trust and community engagement. An example includes neighborhood groups enforcing property standards or social values through social pressure rather than legal punishment.
Lippman (2021) emphasizes the role of dispute resolution within social control, illustrating how societies manage conflicts outside formal legal systems. Alternative dispute resolution methods, such as mediation and arbitration, are vital for maintaining social harmony, especially in multicultural communities where formal courts may be inaccessible or mistrusted. Lippman discusses how cultural norms influence dispute resolution processes, with some communities favoring informal negotiation over litigation. Effective dispute resolution reduces societal tensions and prevents escalation, reinforcing social control by fostering cooperation and understanding.
Beckett & Herbert (2009) focus on a more pronounced dimension of social control—urban banishment and social exclusion—especially in marginalized communities. Their analysis reveals that urban social control now involves mechanisms such as criminalization, surveillance, and social exclusion aimed at controlling marginalized populations. Banishment, once a formal punishment, now manifests in practices like urban renewal projects, policing, and social stigmatization that effectively push marginalized groups out of certain areas. These practices reveal how urban social control perpetuates racial and ethnic inequalities, institutionalizing systemic oppression. The transformation from formal banishment to social exclusion demonstrates the changing landscape of social control, emphasizing the importance of understanding its social and racial implications.
References
- Chriss, J. J. (2022). Social control: An introduction (3rd ed.). Polity Press.
- Lippman, M. (2021). Law and society (3rd ed.). SAGE.
- Beckett, K., & Herbert, S. (2009). Banished: The new social control in urban America. Oxford University Press.