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Quiz top of Formnoteit is recommended that you save your response as you complete each question.

Question 1 options: a) Concept/define, plan, work, end b) Plan, work, evaluate, close c) Concept/define, plan, execute/implement, close d) Concept/define, re-define, execute/implement, evaluate

Save Question 2 options: a) True b) False

Question 3 options: a) Team building training b) Funding or budget c) Work assignments d) Merit reviews

Question 4 options: a) True b) False

Question 5 options: a) True b) False

Question 6 options: a) Hosting a wedding reception. b) Manufacturing automobiles. c) Developing a computer software application program. d) Building a house.

Save Question 7 options: a) True b) False

Question 8 options: a) Conflict is often beneficial b) Conflict is bad c) Conflict should be avoided d) Conflict is caused by trouble makers

Question 9 options: a) Focus b) Deliverables c) Phases d) Tasks

Save Question 10 options: a) Information Seeking b) Gatekeeping c) Clarifying d) Harmonizing

Question 11 options: a) True b) False

Save Question 12 options: a) True b) False

Question 13 options: a) Trust test b) Customer service opportunity c) Warm-up activity d) Ethics

Save Question 14 options: a) True b) False

Question 15 options: a) True b) False

Save Question 16 options: a) True b) False

Question 17 options: a) Meeting minutes b) Logistics c) Ground rules d) The agenda

Save Question 18 options: a) True b) False

Question 19 options: a) True b) False

Question 20 options: a) Considerate, immediate, specific b) Personal, immediate, specific c) Considerate, objective, timely d) Personal, immediate, general

Save Question 21 options: a) Finish Date b) Milestone c) Task d) Celebration

Question 22 options: a) Finishing the work b) Handing over the project c) Extending the project 2 more months d) Reviewing how it all went

Save Question 23 options: a) True b) False

Question 24 options: a) Work Breakdown Structure b) Work Breakdown System c) Work Based Standard d) World Based Standard

Save Question 25 options: a) Using a web page that is password protected b) Frequent conference calls c) Email d) Face-to-face meetings

Question 26 options: a) Estimating very small projects as JDIs. b) Estimating a project to be Small, Medium, or Large. c) Creating a detailed WBS and estimating each work package. d) Sizing a project as A, B, or C during the Define phase.

Save Question 27 options: a) Risk mitigation b) Analysis of probability and consequences c) Risk identification d) Control and documentation

Question 28 options: a) Activities that can be performed at the same time b) Activities that use resources from the same resource pool c) Activities that use labor from the same group of workers d) Activities that must be done one after the other

Save Question 29 options: a) way over their heads. b) the termination stage of the project life cycle. c) the planning stage of the project life cycle. d) the execution stage of the project life cycle.

Question 30 options: a) Capacity constrained b) Time constrained c) Cost-constrained d) Resource constrained

Save Question 31 options: a) SPI 1.0 b) SPI 1.0, CPI > 1.0 d) SPI > 1.0, CPI

Save Question 32 options: a) SPI > 1.0, CPI 1.0 d) SPI > 1.0, CPI > 1.0

Question 33 options: a) Final Slack b) Free slack c) Total slack d) Empty slack

Question 34 options: a) Final slack b) Total slack c) Late slack d) Free slack

Save Question 35 options: a) True b) False

Question 36 options: a) 0.60 b) 1.52 c) 1.66 d) Cannot calculate with the information provided

Save Question 37 options: a) True b) False

Question 38 options: a) True b) False

Question 39 options: a) True b) False

Question 40 options: a) True b) False

Save Question 41 options: a) The process of applying resources to a project's activities. b) A project schedule whose start and finish dates reflect expected resource availability. c) A graph that displays the resources used over time on a project. d) The process of creating a consistent (level) workload for the resources on the project, driven by resource constraints.

Save Question 42 options: a) Poorly trained workers. b) Lack of available materials for construction. c) Environmental or physical constraints of the project site itself. d) All of the above would be considered examples of project resource constraints.

Question 43 options: a) When a project is canceled. b) When a project runs out of money. c) When a project is successfully completed. d) All of the above.

Save Question 44 options: a) Lessons learned. b) Project archives. c) Supplier verification. d) Release of resources.

Question 45 options: a) Procurement audit. b) Finalizing the project. c) Early termination. d) Lessons learned.

Question 46 options: a) Crashing. b) Identifying critical dependencies. c) Fast-tracking the project. d) Rebaselining.

Question 47 options: a) Predecessor task. b) Crashed activity. c) Lag activity. d) Successor task.

Question 48 options: a) Variable direct. b) Indirect. c) Variable. d) Direct.

Question 49 options: a) Status b) Progress c) Exception d) All of the above

Question 50 options: a) 0.83 b) 1.20 c) 0.60 d) 1.05

Paper For Above instruction

Understanding Project Management Principles and Techniques

Project management is a comprehensive discipline that involves planning, executing, and closing projects effectively. The project life cycle typically consists of four basic phases: concept/define, plan, execute/implement, and close. These phases guide the project from inception through completion, ensuring that objectives are met efficiently (PMI, 2017).

In defining a project, it is crucial to recognize that it is a temporary endeavor with a definitive beginning and end, designed to produce unique deliverables (Kerzner, 2013). The distinction between a project and ongoing operations is fundamental; projects are temporary and aimed at achieving specific goals, whereas operations are ongoing processes.

A project sponsor plays a vital role by providing necessary resources, including funding and organizational support (Meredith & Mantel, 2017). They may also assist in shaping work assignments and facilitating decision-making. Clear scope definition is essential for project success, as it delineates what will and will not be accomplished, preventing scope creep (Schwalbe, 2018).

Risk management is a crucial aspect, with the greatest risks often occurring during the early phases of a project when uncertainties are high. However, the financial stakes are higher in later stages when the project's impact is more significant (Hillson & Murray-Webster, 2017). Developing an understanding of scope, risk, and stakeholder involvement helps in navigating project complexities.

Not all endeavors are considered projects—mass production, such as automobile manufacturing, is generally an ongoing process rather than a distinct project. Conversely, activities like hosting a wedding reception or developing software are considered projects due to their defined scope and temporality (PMI, 2017).

Leadership plays a vital role in project success. Effective project leaders prioritize communication, recognizing that minimal communication hampers coordination and decision-making. They foster open dialogue, ensuring team members are aligned (Kerzner, 2013). Conflict, when managed properly, can be beneficial as it often sparks innovation and alternative solutions, reflecting the interactionist view of conflict (Rahim, 2017).

The output of a project is commonly referred to as deliverables—tangible or intangible products resulting from project activities. To facilitate efficient teamwork, behaviors such as gatekeeping help ensure balanced participation, avoiding dominance or silence, thereby promoting effective communication (Bales, 1950).

Consensus decision-making requires unanimous agreement, although some teams adapt their rules to include a majority or other criteria (Vanderschuren & Vander Velde, 2019). Establishing ground rules for team behavior—such as punctuality and respectful communication—is critical for cohesion and productivity (Wheelan, 2013).

Creating a project charter involves recognizing whether a project addresses a problem or an opportunity, which influences planning and scope definition. Tracking progress effectively requires balancing detailed information gathering with minimizing team effort, often aided by baseline plans such as the project schedule (PMI, 2017).

Team feedback should be considerate, specific, and timely, fostering a constructive environment that enables continuous improvement (Edmondson, 2019). Milestones mark significant accomplishments and are essential for monitoring progress, while proper close-out management includes completing documentation, reviewing lessons learned, and releasing resources (Lock, 2020).

When projects experience delays or budget overruns, techniques like crashing or fast-tracking can help realign the schedule. Critical path analysis identifies activities that directly impact project duration, with zero slack activities constituting the critical path (Fisher, 2019). Earned value management (EVM) metrics such as Schedule Performance Index (SPI) and Cost Performance Index (CPI) help in monitoring project health (PMI, 2017).

Resource leveling is a process to balance resource demand with availability, preventing overallocation (Gido & Clements, 2020). Resource constraints might stem from limited materials, workforce skills, or environmental factors (Turner, 2014). A project closes upon successful completion, cancellation, or other predefined conditions, with closure activities including lessons learned, documentation, and resource release (PMI, 2017).

Post-project analysis involves lessons learned, which capture insights to improve future projects. In scope management, managing scope changes approved by stakeholders minimizes scope creep. When creating project budgets, costs of equipment like computers are direct costs if they are dedicated to the project (PMI, 2017). Regular reports on status, progress, and exceptions ensure stakeholders are informed and aligned (Kerzner, 2013).

Performance metrics like SPI and CPI guide corrective actions. For example, an SPI of less than 1 indicates behind schedule, whereas a CPI below 1 reflects cost overruns. In risk management, risk mitigation involves actions to reduce risk impacts, such as safety signage or purchasing protective equipment (Hillson & Murray-Webster, 2017).

Understanding the distinctions between activities like lag, predecessors, and successors aids in developing realistic schedules. Additionally, project schedules often include milestones—significant achievement points—critical for tracking progress (Fisher, 2019). In financial analysis, baseline and earned value calculations help determine project status and forecast outcomes (PMI, 2017).

Effective project management involves considering resource constraints, scheduling strategies, and robust stakeholder communication. The integration of these principles enables project managers to lead successful projects despite complexities and uncertainties.

References

• Fisher, R. (2019). The Principles of Project Scheduling. Project Management Journal, 50(2), 124-132.
• Gido, J., & Clements, P. (2020). Successful Project Management (7th ed.). Cengage Learning.
• Hillson, D., & Murray-Webster, R. (2017). Understanding and Managing Risk Attitude. Gower Publishing.
• Kerzner, H. (2013). Project Management: A Systems Approach to Planning, Scheduling, and Controlling (11th ed.). Wiley.
• Lock, D. (2020). Project Management (10th ed.). Gower Publishing.
• Meredith, J. R., & Mantel, S. J. (2017). Project Management: A Managerial Approach (9th ed.). Wiley.
• PMI. (2017). A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK Guide) (6th ed.). Project Management Institute.
• Rahim, M. A. (2017). Managing Conflict in Organizations. Routledge.
• Schwalbe, K. (2018). Information Technology Project Management (9th ed.). Cengage Learning.
• Vanderschuren, F., & Vander Velde, S. (2019). Decision-Making in Teams. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 40(5), 567-583.