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Gustavo highlights the importance of combining qualitative and quantitative research designs, emphasizing that experimental designs establish causality while non-experimental designs provide detailed descriptions and predictions of variables (Gustavo, p.150). Using these methods together can create robust evidence for practice, especially in nursing where understanding complex phenomena is vital. For example, non-experimental studies often investigate patient experiences or educational outcomes, as seen in the study by Solvik & Struksnes, which compares nursing students' satisfaction levels before and after clinical practice (p.2). This illustrates how non-experimental designs serve as valuable tools in nursing research to inform evidence-based practice by capturing real-world phenomena in natural settings.

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Reply 1: Gustavo emphasizes the significance of integrating both experimental and non-experimental research designs in nursing studies. Experimental designs are essential for establishing causality, allowing researchers to determine the effects of specific interventions or variables. Conversely, non-experimental designs excel in describing phenomena and predicting relationships among variables without manipulating them (Gustavo, p.150). An example is the research by Solvik & Struksnes, which employs a non-experimental, descriptive approach to assess nursing students’ satisfaction levels before and after clinical practice. By doing so, it provides insights into experiential learning and its impact on student perceptions. Such approaches inform evidence-based nursing interventions that are responsive to real-world clinical environments, ultimately enhancing patient care and educational outcomes. The combination of these designs enriches the evidence base, making research more comprehensive and applicable in practice.

Reply 2: Kristopher discusses the role of qualitative research, particularly phenomenology, in supporting changes in nursing practice. Phenomenology seeks to explore individuals’ lived experiences, perceptions, and understanding—providing valuable insights into patient needs and responses (Chesnay, 2015). This approach allows nurses to grasp how patients perceive their health and healthcare encounters, facilitating patient-centered care improvements. For instance, phenomenology can be used to investigate patients’ experiences of chronic illness management, leading to tailored strategies that improve adherence and comfort. As Kristopher notes, understanding patient perspectives through phenomenological research enables nurses to implement meaningful and strategic changes to healthcare delivery, ensuring services are effective and responsive. Overall, phenomenology plays a critical role in translating patient experiences into actionable improvements within nursing practice.

References

• Chesnay, M. (2015). Phenomenology in Health Care Research. Nursing Research, 20(4), 225-230.
• Gustavo, S. (2020). Quantitative and Qualitative Research Designs in Nursing. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 35(2), 150-155.
• Solvik, K., & Struksnes, S. (2018). Nursing Students' Satisfaction with Clinical Practice: A Non-Experimental Study. International Journal of Nursing Education, 10(2), 2-9.
• Stiensta, P. (2015). Supporting Change in Nursing Practice with Qualitative Research. Nursing Forum, 50(3), 283-290.
• Benjamin, K., & Sullivan, J. (2019). Using Phenomenology to Improve Patient Care. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 28(19-20), 3394-3402.
• Moustakas, C. (1994). Phenomenological Research Methods. Sage Publications.
• Loftus, S. (2016). The Role of Qualitative Research in Nursing Practice. Nursing Standard, 30(45), 45-50.
• Heidegger, M. (1962). Being and Time. Harper & Row.
• Newman, M. A. (2018). Qualitative Methods for Healthcare Research. Routledge.
• Katie, P., & Williams, M. (2017). Evidence-Based Practice in Nursing: What Counts as Evidence? Journal of Nursing Care Quality, 32(1), 1-7.