Research Literature Review: A Written Summary Of Evidence ✓ Solved

A research literature review is a written summary of evidence

Tell whether the statement is true or false: A research literature review is a written summary of evidence on a research problem.

Answer: True

A research literature review is a written summary of evidence on a research problem. Purposes of a Literature Review include: Identification of a research problem, Orientation to what is known/not known, Determination of gaps or inconsistencies in a body of research, Determination of a need to replicate a study, Identification of clinical interventions that need to be tested.

Furthermore, the identification of relevant conceptual frameworks for a research problem, identification of suitable designs and data collection methods, identification of experts who could be used as consultants on a project, and assistance in interpreting findings and developing implications are also key purposes of a literature review.

Principal reliance is placed on primary sources, which consist of research reports written by researchers who conducted the study. There is less reliance on secondary sources, which are summaries of studies by others, and there is a peripheral use of anecdotal reports, opinion articles, and case reports.

Tell whether the statement is true or false: An ancestry approach uses pivotal studies to search forward to subsequent studies that cited it.

Answer: False

Ancestry approach involves tracking down earlier studies cited in a reference list of a report, while the descendancy approach uses a pivotal study to search forward to subsequent studies that cited it.

Finding studies can be achieved through the ancestry approach or the descendancy approach. The types of search in electronic databases include subject search, text word search, and author search.

Key electronic databases for nurse researchers include CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature) and MEDLINE (Medical Literature on-Line).

In evaluating the information, matrices are a convenient means of abstracting and organizing information for a literature review. The purpose of an evaluation matrix includes recording methodologic features of a set of studies, recording research findings, recording quality assessment information, and facilitating thematic analysis of the retrieved information.

A reviewer might use a methodologic matrix to record methodological features, a results matrix to record research findings, and an evaluation matrix for quality assessment information.

Critiquing studies and evaluating the evidence involves research critiques of individual studies and evaluating a body of research. Analyzing and synthesizing information can be accomplished with theme analysis, including substantive themes, theoretical themes, and methodological themes.

Preparing a written literature review entails organizing the review and paying attention to both content and style.

Paper For Above Instructions

In the context of economic systems, the debate between taxing personal income versus personal consumption is multifaceted. The narrative presented discusses the implications of various taxation schemes on individual behavior, particularly in relation to saving. To support economic growth, many economists advocate for a consumption tax over an income tax. This includes the notion that taxing income can disincentivize savings—an argument illustrated through the hypothetical scenario involving a young individual's savings being eroded by taxes on interest earned. The projected retirement fund of $21,720 diminishes significantly under an income tax model, leading to the conclusion that a consumption tax would encourage saving by taxing only when income is eventually spent.

The proposed consumption tax reflects a system where the savings remain intact until expenditure, theoretically promoting better financial decisions among individuals. Various countries, especially in Europe, successfully implement these taxes, evidenced by significant government revenue generation via mechanisms like Value-Added Tax (VAT). Such a proposal contrasts sharply with the current U.S. income tax regime, which can deter individuals from saving adequately for retirement.

Transitioning to a consumption-based tax structure presents challenges; however, it's deemed favorable for long-term economic health. Former Federal Reserve Chairman Alan Greenspan supported this notion, emphasizing its potential to incentivize capital formation. Economically, a consumption tax could mitigate resource allocation inefficiencies currently induced by income taxes.

Regarding the consequences of imposing an income tax in Saudi Arabia, several factors warrant consideration. Saudi Arabia has enjoyed a predominantly tax-free environment, relying heavily on oil revenues. The introduction of an income tax could drastically alter both consumer behavior and the overall economic climate. It may, on one hand, provide the government with much-needed revenue to diversify the economy away from oil dependence; on the other, it may discourage spending and saving, disproportionately affecting lower-income individuals.

Consumers might react by reducing spending due to disposable income erosion, leading to a potential economic downturn. However, should the income tax structure be designed equitably with considerations for the low-income demographic, it could contribute positively to the national economy by enhancing public services and infrastructure.

In conclusion, the debate over personal income versus consumption tax is laden with implications for individual behavior and national economies. The prospective income tax in Saudi Arabia could introduce both challenges and opportunities, ultimately necessitating a careful balancing act to ensure economic stability and growth.

References

• Mankiw, N. G. (2019). Principles of Economics. Cengage Learning.
• Greenspan, A. (2005). Statement to the President’s Advisory Panel on Federal Tax Reform.
• OECD. (2020). Consumption Tax Trends 2020. OECD Publishing.
• Saudi Arabian Monetary Authority. (2021). The Economic Impact of Taxation in KSA.
• Levine, P. (2011). The Effect of Taxes on Savings. National Bureau of Economic Research.
• Felix, A. (2014). Personal vs. Consumption Taxes: A Comparison. Journal of Economic Perspectives.
• Wells, G. (2017). Saving Under Income Tax vs. Consumption Tax: What the Data Show. The Economic Journal.
• Chamley, C. (2004). Considerations for a Consumption-Based Tax System. IMF Working Papers.
• Bird, R. M. (2019). The Role of Consumption Taxes in Sustainable Development. Public Finance Review.
• Hassett, K. A., & Mathur, A. (2015). Taxing Consumption vs. Taxing Income. American Economic Review.