Research Paper Topic: American Injustice Sources Ogungbure

Research Paper Topic American Injusticethe Sources Ogungbure Adebay

Research paper topic: American Injustice The sources : Ogungbure, Adebayo. "The political economy of niggerdom: W.E.B. Du Bois and Martin Luther King Jr. on the racial and economic discrimination of black males in America." Journal of Black Studies 50.: . Accessed 26 February 2020 In the article “The political economy of niggerdom: W.E.B. Du Bois and Martin Luther King Jr. on the racial and economic discrimination of black males in America,†Ogungbure argues that the foundation of the American racial divide is significant disparities in economic capabilities.

While exploring the works of renowned black activists, W.E.B.Du Bois and Martin Luther King Jr., the author describes the history anti-black economic injustices. The article also describes how the American economic structure was tailored to inhibit the African Americans’ economic progress by restricting the black communities from wealth ownership. The author also explores how the U.S. operated a “political economy of niggerdom,†a system that was basically designed to stereotype and criminalize black Americans. This source would be essential in the future study of the history of racial injustice in the U.S. Besides, this source would be critical in analyzing the political, economic, and social problems faced by black Americans during the fight for injustice.

Kelly, Erin I. "The Historical Injustice Problem for Political Liberalism." Ethics 128.: 75-94. Accessed 28 February 2020 According to Kelly’s article “The Historical Injustice Problem for Political Liberalism,†political philosophers tend to ignore the philosophical significance of the history of social injustice. The author states that the injustices surrounding race and ethnicity are the foundation of the social inequality experienced in the U.S. today. Besides, the author argues that such factors could also form the roots of racial injustice in the future. The article emphasizes on the need to redress historical injustice in order to avoid the reoccurrence of such issues. According to the author, the principle of equal opportunity can only be founded by reviewing the causes of racial injustice. This source would contribute essential information for future research on racial injustice. Also, this article would provide critical data for researches aimed at preventing the reoccurrence of social injustice in the country. Hence, successive studies on causes of racial injustice would base their foundation on historical injustice cases analyzed in this source.

SMITH, MYCHAL DENZEL. “THE NEW FIGHT FOR RACIAL JUSTICE. (Cover Story).†Nation , vol. 299, no. 11, Sept. 2014, p. 12. EBSCOhost , search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=ip,shib&db=edb&AN=&site=eds-live&scope=site. Accessed 03 March 2020 In this article, Smith Mychal Denzel explore political activism initiated by Black American youths and young adults in the 21st century. The article looks into the recent police brutality against African American young men as the possible causes of activism. According to the authors, this could be a re-emergence of racial justice organizing among the current generation. The article also reviews the U.S. 1960s Black Americans activism with possible influence on the recent fight for justice. Also, the authors analyze the impact of social media on the current activism issues in the U.S. This source would act as an important foundation for studies aimed to look into the causes of the current racial activist matters. Moreover, it would be essential for successive studies looking at the effect of technology in the fight for racial injustice in the U.S. and the outside world. Through its review of the previous cases of political and economic activism, this article would offer critical insight into the 1960s fight for justice and racial equality in the U.S.

Paper For Above instruction

Analysis of Racial Injustice in America: Economic, Historical, and Activist Perspectives

Racial injustice in America is a pervasive issue rooted in complex historical, economic, and social factors. This essay explores these dimensions through a synthesis of scholarly sources, highlighting the persistent disparities and the ongoing struggle for racial equity. The analysis is anchored in Ogungbure’s examination of the structural economic disadvantages imposed on Black Americans, Kelly’s exploration of the importance of addressing historical injustices, and Smith’s account of contemporary racial activism fueled by social and political upheavals.

Historical and Economic Foundations of Racial Injustice

Ogungbure’s article offers a compelling analysis of the economic underpinnings of racial disparities in the U.S., emphasizing how systemic structures have historically marginalized Black communities. He discusses the concept of “niggerdom,” a term he uses to describe the systemic stereotyping and criminalization of Black Americans within a political economy designed to restrict wealth accumulation and economic independence. This systemic discrimination was embedded in policies such as segregation, disenfranchisement, and barriers to capital ownership, which collectively hindered Black economic mobility. These discriminatory practices created a cycle of poverty and marginalization, reinforcing racial hierarchies that persist today (Ogungbure, 2020).

Furthermore, Kelly underscores the significance of understanding historical injustice as a foundation for addressing current racial inequalities. She argues that ignoring the history of social injustices only continues to perpetuate the cycle of inequality. Acknowledging past wrongs is essential for formulating effective policies that promote equal opportunity. Kelly emphasizes that the principle of equal opportunity is grounded in rectifying historical disparities, making the case that justice requires a commitment to redressing these injustices to prevent their recurrence (Kelly, 2020).

Contemporary Racial Activism and Its Roots

Smith’s analysis shifts focus to contemporary racial activism, primarily driven by youth movements responding to police brutality and systemic racism. He notes that recent protests and social media campaigns have reanimated the fight for racial justice, echoing the activism of the 1960s. Smith highlights the role of social media as a powerful tool for organizing, raising awareness, and mobilizing communities, which has transformed traditional protest paradigms. This digital activism has enabled a younger generation to challenge racial injustices more effectively and globally (Smith, 2014).

The article further draws parallels between past and present activism, illustrating how historical movements laid the groundwork for modern efforts. The civil rights campaigns of the 1960s, characterized by sit-ins, marches, and legal challenges, provided models of resilience and strategy that contemporary activists continue to employ, now amplified by technology. Smith suggests that understanding these historical linkages is vital for appreciating the evolution of racial justice movements and for devising future strategies (Smith, 2014).

Implications and Path Forward

The combined insights from these sources underscore that racial injustice in America is rooted in long-standing economic, social, and political structures that require comprehensive reform. Recognizing the historical roots of inequality, as Kelly advocates, sanctions a more just approach that seeks not only reforms but also reparations and reparative justice. Ogungbure’s analysis reminds us that economic restructuring is essential for genuine racial equality, emphasizing policies that promote Black wealth ownership and economic empowerment.

Simultaneously, Smith’s examination of modern activism demonstrates the importance of adaptive strategies, particularly leveraging social media and grassroots movements, to sustain pressure on institutions and generate societal change. The synergy between historical awareness and innovative activism is necessary to address the multifaceted nature of racial injustice effectively. Moving forward, policy initiatives and social movements must integrate these insights to foster equitable economic opportunities and social justice, ensuring meaningful progress beyond superficial reforms.

Conclusion

The persistent issue of racial injustice in America is a multidimensional challenge that demands a comprehensive approach rooted in historical acknowledgment, economic reform, and innovative activism. Understanding the systemic economic barriers outlined by Ogungbure, the importance of rectifying historical injustices as emphasized by Kelly, and the dynamic nature of modern activism highlighted by Smith provides a roadmap for future efforts toward racial equity. Achieving lasting change requires a sustained commitment to addressing these intertwined factors, fostering a more inclusive and just society.

References

• Kelly, E. I. (2020). The Historical Injustice Problem for Political Liberalism. Ethics, 128, 75-94.
• Ogungbure, A. (2020). The political economy of niggerdom: W.E.B. Du Bois and Martin Luther King Jr. on the racial and economic discrimination of black males in America. Journal of Black Studies.
• Smith, M. D. (2014). The new fight for racial justice. The Nation, 299(11), 12.
• Alexander, M. (2010). The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness. The New Press.
• Balko, R. (2013). Rise of the Warrior Cop: The Militarization of America's Police Forces. PublicAffairs.
• Feagin, J. R. (2014). The White Racial Frame: Centuries of Racial Framing and Counter-Framing. Routledge.
• Gordon, L. (2014). Mapping Decline: St. Louis and the Fate of the American City. University of Pennsylvania Press.
• King, M. L. (1963). Letter from Birmingham Jail. The Martin Luther King, Jr. Research and Education Institute.
• Piven, F. F., & Cloward, R. (1971). Regulating the Poor: The Functions of Public Welfare. Vintage.
• Valentino, N. A. (2018). The True Impact of Trump's Social Media on Racial Discourse. Journal of Political Communication.