Running Head History Study Guide 1 And 2
Running Head History Study Guide 1history Study Guide2history St
What was the Argument of Alfred T. Mahan? Alfred T. Mahan's argument was that the success of international politics depended on naval power. What was James Monroe’s position in the Monroe Doctrine? His position was that Americans needed to be free from future European colonization and that Europeans should not interfere in the sovereignty of the American republics. He stated that the United States should remain neutral in European wars and conflicts between European powers and their colonies, considering interference or new colonies a hostile act towards the U.S.
How did Woodrow Wilson’s position change concerning US Involvement in WWI and what were his 14 Points? In 1914, Wilson urged Americans to stay neutral during the European conflict. After reelection in 1916, he aimed for peace through mediation, but Germany's resumption of unrestricted submarine warfare led Wilson to request a declaration of war against Germany in April 1917. His 14 Points included proposals for open diplomacy, freedom of seas, reduction of armaments, self-determination for nations, and the creation of a League of Nations to maintain peace.
What was Yellow Journalism? Who used it? Yellow journalism was sensationalist newspaper reporting focused on attracting readers through exaggeration and scandal. Prominent users included William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer, whose newspapers fueled public opinion and supported interventions like the Spanish-American War.
What effect did the Zimmerman Note have on the US during WWI? The intercepted Zimmermann telegram revealed Germany's proposal to Mexico to join the war against the U.S., which outraged American public opinion and contributed to the U.S. decision to enter WWI.
What was the Roosevelt Corollary? Give examples of it in action. The Roosevelt Corollary was an extension of the Monroe Doctrine asserting that the U.S. had the right to intervene in Latin American countries to stabilize their economies and prevent European intervention. It justified U.S. military actions in the Caribbean and Central America to maintain stability and U.S. interests.
Define Social Darwinism. It was a late 19th-century theory claiming that social progress resulted from the survival of the fittest, often used to justify inequality, imperialism, and eugenics.
Define Imperialism. How was the US an Imperial nation? Imperialism is the policy of extending a country's power through territorial acquisition or political influence. The U.S. expanded its influence through annexations like Hawaii, intervention in Latin America, and securing trade routes across Asia, asserting dominance in these regions.
How is the Platt Amendment an example of US Imperialism? The Platt Amendment limited Cuba's sovereignty, allowing the U.S. to intervene in Cuban affairs and establish a naval base at Guantanamo Bay, exemplifying American control over Cuban independence.
What happened to the USS Maine? The USS Maine exploded and sank in Havana Harbor, killing 266 crew members. Its sinking was a catalyst for the Spanish-American War, with conspiracy theories suggesting sabotage.
How is the Lusitania similar to the Maine? Both ships were sunk during wartime, with conspiracy theories suggesting they were deliberately targeted; both incidents heightened tensions and contributed to U.S. entry into war.
Causes and effects of the Spanish-American War: The primary cause was U.S. support for Cuban independence; the sinking of the USS Maine led to war. The war resulted in Spain losing its colonial empire in the Americas and Cuba's independence.
How did Hawaii’s annexation carry out the beliefs of Mahan, Strong, and Fiske? The annexation was motivated by strategic military and economic interests, aligning with the ideas of expanding naval power, securing trade routes, and establishing a naval base, consistent with their doctrines of imperialism and maritime strength.
Who was Emilio Aguinaldo? He was a Filipino revolutionary leader and the first president of the Philippines, involved in resisting both Spanish and American colonization.
Who was Jose Marti? A Cuban patriot, poet, and revolutionary leader who fought for Cuban independence and became a national hero.
William Randolph Hearst was an influential American newspaper publisher whose newspapers advocated for intervention in countries like Cuba, shaping public opinion towards war. Joseph Pulitzer also played a significant role in shaping modern journalism and promoting American expansionist policies.
Teddy Roosevelt’s “Big Stick Diplomacy” emphasized military strength as a means to influence Latin America, famously summarized as “speak softly and carry a big stick.”
How was the Foraker Act demonstrating American Imperialism? The Foraker Act established a Cuban-style government in Puerto Rico, giving the U.S. control over its political affairs and exemplifying colonial control.
What was the effect of the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand? It triggered a series of diplomatic crises that culminated in the outbreak of WWI in July 1914.
Which countries were Allies during WWI? Russia, France, and Britain.
What were the main causes of WWI? Imperialism, militarism, alliances, and nationalism.
What were the main ideas of the 14 Points? To abolish secret treaties, promote free navigation and trade, armament reduction, and ensure just treatment for colonial peoples, along with the creation of the League of Nations.
Challenges to U.S. entry in WWI included the loss of American lives, food supply issues, economic disruptions, and restoring diplomatic relations.
How did trench warfare, mustard gas, and airplanes change war? These technological advances increased casualties, shortened battles, and introduced new ways of experiencing combat, notably eliminating traditional chivalry and dramatically changing battlefield tactics.
Define Anti-Semitism. Hostility or discrimination against Jews based on their religion or ethnicity.
Compare the Nuremberg Laws with Jim Crow Laws. Both were racially discriminatory statutes; Jim Crow laws enforced racial segregation in the U.S., while Nuremberg Laws targeted Jews with citizenship exclusions, prohibiting marriages, and institutionalized racial classification.
What is the policy of Isolationism? It advocates avoiding foreign entanglements, alliances, and conflicts to focus on domestic issues and maintain neutrality.
How did the U.S. achieve victory in WWII? Through strategic bombing, massive military mobilization, technological superiority, and high morale, alongside effective Allied cooperation.
Characteristics of Totalitarian Leaders include strong nationalism, suppression of opposition, government control over all aspects of life, and a charismatic, often infallible leadership style. They suppress criticism and rely on propaganda.
Name and identify the 8 stages of genocide: 1. Classification 2. Symbolization 3. Dehumanization 4. Organization 5. Polarization 6. Preparation 7. Extermination 8. Denial. These stages lead from social divisiveness to mass killing and cover-up efforts post-crime.
US History Exam II-Cold War and Post-Cold War Terms
What is NATO? The North Atlantic Treaty Organization is a military alliance of Western countries formed to counter Soviet expansion.
Warsaw Pact? A Soviet-led military alliance opposing NATO during the Cold War.
“Iron Curtain”? A political and military barrier that isolated Soviet-controlled Eastern Europe from the West.
Domino Theory? The belief that the fall of one country to communism would lead to the fall of its neighbors.
Containment Policy? U.S. strategy to prevent the spread of communism abroad.
Methods “New World Order” and “Axis of Evil” refer to policies and rhetoric aimed at combating terrorism and promoting global stability post-9/11.
Names: Harry Truman, George Kennen, Dwight Eisenhower, Ngo Dinh Diem, Ho Chi Minh, John F. Kennedy, Nikita Khrushchev, Lyndon Johnson, Richard Nixon, Jimmy Carter, Ronald Reagan, George Bush (both), Barack Obama.
Events/Misc: Potsdam/Yalta conferences, Causes of Cold War tension, Marshall Plan, Truman Doctrine, Korean War causes and effects, Bay of Pigs, Methods in Vietnam, Reasons for Vietnam failure, Cuban Missile Crisis, Fall of the Berlin Wall, Tet Offensive, Tonkin Gulf Incident, Iran-Contra Affair, Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, response, Persian Gulf War, Somalia, Panama, 9/11, Wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, Al-Qaeda.