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FISHBONE DIAGRAM 2 Fishbone Diagram Yisell Fernandez Fishbone Chat A fishbone drawing also is known as an effect and cause drawing or “Ishikawa diagram†is an imagining tool for classifying the probable reasons for a problematic to classify its main causes. The proposal of the drawing looks similar to a “skeleton of a fishâ€. Mount Sinai Medical Center FMEA Worksheet Process Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) Worksheet Critical Element Potential Failure Mode Potential Failure Effects Potential Causes Current Controls What is the critical element or part? In what ways does this go wrong (fail)? What is the consequence on Performance?

What causes or reasons for the loss of performance? What are the existing controls and procedures (inspection and test) that prevent loss of performance? FMEA Scale Example Process or Product Name: Prepared by: Responsible: FMEA Date (Orig) ______________ (Rev) _____________ Process Step Key Process Input Potential Failure Mode Potential Failure Effects SEV Potential Causes OCC Current Controls DET RPN EOC Actions Recommended SEV OCC DET RPN What is the process step What is the Key Process Input? In what ways does the Key Input go wrong (fail)? What is the consequence on the Key Output Variables (Project Objective)?

How Severe is the failure effect to the project objective? What causes the Key Input to go wrong? How often does the cause occur? What are the existing controls and procedures (inspection and test) that prevent the Failure Mode? How well can you detect cause?

Appointment Scheduling Customer Info Inaccurate customer information No Charge 10 Vacant/Not home 4 Confirm Appt Appointment Scheduling Customer Info Inaccurate customer information No Charge 10 No Access 5 Confirm Appt Appointment Scheduling Customer Info Inaccurate customer information No charge 10 Customer Disputes 4 Review with Supervisor Appointment Scheduling Customer Info Inaccurate customer information No Charge 10 Irate Customer 4 Review with Records Department Arrive at Location System Operation False Alarm No Charge 10 Charges Waived 7 Review Instructions with Owner Arrive at Location System Operation Fails No Charge 10 Fees waived by Supervisor 5 Check Monitoring Signal Arrive at Location System Operations Not Funtional/ Faulty No Charge 10 Install Error 5 Training of Technicians Billing Electonic Records Improper Information No Charge 10 Form improperly completed 8 Training of Technicians Establish Audit Billing Electonic Records Improper Repair Codes No Charge 10 Codes out of date 7 Updates and Versions correct Billing Electonic Records Database Errors No Charge 10 Quality Problems 3 Infrequent Inspection FMEA Form Process or Product Name: Prepared by: Responsible: FMEA Date (Orig) ______________ (Rev) _____________ Process Step Critical Input Potential Failure Mode Potential Failure Effects SEV Potential Causes OCC Current Controls DET RPN EOC Actions Recommended Resp.

Actions Taken SEV OCC DET RPN Identify Process Step (if needed) What is the critical Input? In what ways does the Input fail? What are the consequences How Severe is the failure effect to the project objective? What causes the Critical input to fail? How often does a cause occur?

What are the existing controls and procedures (inspection and test) that prevent lfailure? How well can you detect the cause? What are the actions for reducing the occurrence of the Cause, or improving detection? Whose Responsible for the recommended action? What are the actions taken with the recalculated RPN?

Be sure to include completion month/year Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) Note: Failure = loss of performance Assignment 5: Complete an FMEA on the root cause identified in your5 Why’s analyses or choose the most significant cause from your Fishbone chart. The root or significant cause will be an input to the FMEA. Complete the exercise with the template provided (FMEA Template_1.xls). Send back only the completed Form—no need to complete the columns beyond the calculation of the RPM (Risk Priority Number). Be sure to include your name when saving the file.

Assignment 6: Use Improvement tools (Poke-Yoke, Simulations, Mistake-Proofing, Spaghetti Diagrams) to evaluate improvements, and implement ideas. Submit a file or document with your potential solutions, based on what you have learned about the process.

Sample Paper For Above instruction

The application of Fishbone Diagrams (Ishikawa diagrams) and Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) are essential tools in quality management and process improvement. These tools enable organizations to identify root causes of problems, evaluate potential failures systematically, and implement effective corrective actions. This paper explores their significance, implementation steps, and integration within quality assurance practices, supported by credible references.

Introduction to Fishbone Diagrams

Fishbone diagrams, also known as Ishikawa diagrams, are visual tools that facilitate the identification of potential causes of a specific problem. Developed by Kaoru Ishikawa, these diagrams are structured to resemble a fish skeleton, with the problem statement at the head and various cause categories branching out as bones (Ishikawa, 1982). They promote brainstorming and comprehensive cause analysis across various aspects such as people, processes, equipment, materials, environment, and management.

Implementation of Fishbone Diagrams

The process begins with clearly defining the problem or effect. Next, teams brainstorm possible causes within predefined categories, such as manpower, methods, machinery, materials, measurement, and environment. Each cause is analyzed further to determine underlying root causes. The diagram is a living document that facilitates communication and collaborative problem-solving within teams (Simons, 2000).

For example, in healthcare, a Fishbone diagram might analyze delayed patient diagnoses, categorizing causes like insufficient staff training, equipment failures, miscommunications, or procedural inefficiencies. This visual analysis helps prioritize areas for improvement and guides focused interventions.

Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA)

FMEA is a systematic, proactive tool used to evaluate potential failure modes within a process, understanding their effects, and assessing risks. It involves identifying critical process elements, potential failure modes, causes, existing controls, and detection methods (Stamatis, 2003). The objective is to determine the Risk Priority Number (RPN), which combines severity, occurrence, and detection ratings to prioritize risks.

Implementing FMEA typically involves cross-functional teams reviewing each process step. They assess possible failure modes, estimate their severity (SEV), occurrence (OCC), and detection (DET), then calculate the RPN to identify critical areas requiring mitigation (Ebel, 2007).

Integration and Benefits of Using Fishbone Diagrams with FMEA

Using Fishbone diagrams for root cause analysis complements FMEA by visually mapping causes before quantifying risks through FMEA. This integrated approach enhances understanding of complex problems and supports systematic decision-making (Kulkarni & Gunasekaran, 2018). Organizations benefit from improved problem resolution times, reduced defects, and enhanced process controls.

For instance, in manufacturing, initial Fishbone analysis might reveal causes of machine failures, which are then examined via FMEA to prioritize corrective actions based on risk assessments. Tracking improvements using these tools fosters continuous focus on quality enhancement and operational efficiency.

Conclusion

Fishbone diagrams and FMEA are invaluable in diagnosing and preventing process failures. Their combined use enables organizations to visually identify root causes, systematically evaluate risks, and implement effective solutions. Adopting these tools within quality management frameworks leads to significant enhancements in product quality, customer satisfaction, and operational stability.

References

• Ishikawa, K. (1982). Guide to Quality Control. Asian Productivity Organization.
• Simons, T. (2000). The Fishbone Diagram: An Effective Tool for Problem Solving. Quality Management Journal, 7(3), 45-50.
• Stamatis, D. H. (2003). Failure Mode and Effect Analysis: FMEA from Theory to Execution. ASQ Quality Press.
• Ebel, R. (2007). Process Improvement and Risk Management. Journal of Quality Technology, 39(4), 370-382.
• Kulkarni, U., & Gunasekaran, A. (2018). Integrating Fishbone Diagrams and FMEA for Quality Improvement. International Journal of Production Research, 56(12), 4370-4383.