Selecting A Framework

Selecting A Framework

Selecting a Framework Program Transcript music P Selecting a Framework Selecting a Framework Program Transcript music P Selecting a Framework Selecting a Framework Program Transcript [MUSIC PLAYING] Have you ever had that same inexplicable event happen to you over and over again but still never found a way to explain it? Throughout their practice, nurses may encounter phenomena that they cannot fully explain. If nurses want to understand such phenomena, they may decide to conduct research on it. Take Rachel, for example. Rachel is the manager of a group of nurses in a nursing home, and she has noticed that the stress and fatigue levels of the nurses under her direction vary considerably.

She knows that the patients and caseloads of the nurses do not significantly differ, and those who seem most affected by stress include both new and veteran nurses. Rachel considers these phenomena and decides to further investigate them through research. But before she can begin gathering data, she must first select a framework to guide her research. A framework is the overall conceptual basis or rationale for a study. There are two types of frameworks that can be used to guide research-- theoretical and conceptual.

Theoretical frameworks are used for research studies related to a specific theory. A theory is a formalized explanation of how phenomena are interrelated. Conceptual frameworks, on the other hand, are used for studies that are not rooted in a particular theory. This does not mean that conceptual frameworks are not based on existing knowledge and evidence. In fact, many conceptual frameworks are based on conceptual models, which are abstract methods of thinking about human beings, the environment, health, nursing, and so on.

There are many methods researchers use to identify a suitable framework for the phenomenon they are studying. Conceptualizing or targeting the specific factors related to the phenomena is one such method. In addition, researchers can peruse databases and printed materials for similar studies, search for established frameworks that take a position on factors related to the phenomena, and confer with people who are familiar with many theories and models, such as professors, advisers, and supervisors. For example, in Rachel's study on stress and fatigue in the nursing home setting, the factors include the nurses, their stress levels, and how they respond to or cope with stress.

Rachel uses these factors to conduct searches for similar research studies on stress and caregiver burdens. The information presented in these studies allows her to determine that the most appropriate framework for her study is the Theory of Stress and Coping, developed by Lazarus and Folkman. This theory provides an explanation for how different people deal with stress and how they develop and learn coping strategies. This theory gives Rachel a theoretical framework to begin crafting her research questions and plotting how to carry out her research. It should also be noted that frameworks evolve as more research is conducted. Each new layer of research that uses a particular framework helps inform future studies using that same framework. But with the initial framework selection firmly in place, the stage is set for a successful research project that may benefit patients everywhere.

Paper For Above instruction

The selection of an appropriate research framework is a fundamental step in the research process, particularly in nursing, where understanding complex phenomena such as stress, coping, and patient care are critical. A framework provides the foundational lens through which data is gathered, analyzed, and interpreted, shaping the entire research trajectory. There are primarily two types of frameworks used in nursing research: theoretical and conceptual frameworks. Their distinctions and applications are essential for designing robust studies that contribute meaningful insights to the field.

Understanding the difference between theoretical and conceptual frameworks is the first step. Theoretical frameworks are grounded in established theories that explain how and why certain phenomena occur. Theories are formalized explanations that interrelate variables and underpin hypotheses, providing a systematic view that guides research questions and methodologies. For instance, in the case of Rachel, the nurse manager investigating stress among her staff, the Theory of Stress and Coping by Lazarus and Folkman serves as a theoretical framework. This theory explicates how individuals appraise and respond to stress, offering insights into coping mechanisms that can be tested or explored through research (Lazarus & Folkman, 1984).

Conversely, conceptual frameworks are more flexible and often derived from existing theories, models, or even clinical experience. They do not necessarily provide specific hypotheses but instead offer a broad structure for understanding the key factors related to a phenomenon. Such frameworks are instrumental when a researcher aims to explore new or poorly understood phenomena without the constraints of testing a specific theory. They help in conceptualizing variables and relationships, guiding the formation of research questions and helping interpret findings within a broader context (Creswell, 2014).

The process of selecting an appropriate framework involves several strategic steps. Researchers frequently review literature to identify frameworks that have been successfully used in related areas. Databases, academic journals, and existing models furnish valuable information about established theories and frameworks that address similar phenomena. For example, in investigating nurse stress, Rachel would examine previous research on stress, burnout, and coping strategies among healthcare workers. Such reviews help in pinpointing an appropriate framework that aligns with her research goals and context.

Furthermore, consulting with experts, advisors, and colleagues familiar with nursing theory and research enhances the selection process. Their insights can clarify which framework offers the most comprehensive perspective on the phenomena in question. For instance, in Rachel’s scenario, recognizing that Lazarus and Folkman's Theory of Stress and Coping comprehensively explains individual responses to stress helps her justify its use as her guiding framework.

Frameworks are dynamic; as research progresses, frameworks can be refined or expanded. Each subsequent study using a particular framework contributes to a cumulative understanding, fostering theoretical development and practical applications. For example, findings from Rachel’s study may enrich the understanding of stress management among nurses, informing interventions and policy changes in healthcare settings (Polit & Beck, 2017).

In choosing a framework, it is vital to consider the research purpose, the nature of the phenomenon, and the theoretical orientation best suited for inquiry. Strategic selection ensures that the study is both methodologically sound and relevant to practice. Adequate alignment with existing frameworks enables researchers to build on current knowledge, facilitate sharing and comparison of findings, and ultimately contribute to evidence-based practice.

In conclusion, the process of selecting a research framework—whether theoretical or conceptual—is integral to the success and rigor of nursing research. It is a deliberate process involving literature review, expert consultation, and reflection on the study's aims. The chosen framework serves as a lens for understanding phenomena, guiding research methodology, and shaping findings that can inform practice, education, and policy in healthcare. As Rachel’s example demonstrates, careful framework selection provides a solid foundation for research that can lead to meaningful improvements in patient and staff outcomes.

References

• Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage publications.
• Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. Springer publishing.
• Polit, D. F., & Beck, C. T. (2017). Nursing research: Generating and assessing evidence for nursing practice. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
• Burns, N., & Grove, S. K. (2010). Understanding nursing research. Elsevier Health Sciences.
• Robinson, S., & Burns, N. (2013). Introduction to research concepts and methods. Jones & Bartlett Learning.
• Chinn, P. L., & Kramer, M. K. (2011). Integrated theory and knowledge development in nursing. Elsevier Saunders.
• Fawcett, J. (2005). The Research Utilization and Evidence-Based Practice. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 37(3), 257-262.
• Meleis, A. I. (2011). Theoretical nursing: Development and progress. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
• Meleis, A. (2012). Theoretical nursing: Development and progress. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
• Hood, L., & Weinbach, R. (2018). Understanding research and evidence-based practice for nursing (5th ed.). Jones & Bartlett Learning.