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For this assignment, you must choose one document and write a single paragraph summarizing the contents of that document. This paragraph must include paraphrasing, use of direct quotations, and a footnote citation of the document evidence at the end of your paragraph.

Paraphrasing is the process of summarizing or restating someone else’s writing into your own original language. It is an effective way to explain a section of or entire primary source document by summarizing and condensing its contents.

Utilizing direct quotations enables you, the writer, to present the original ideas or writing of someone else through the proper use of quotation marks. It is an effective way to support your paraphrasing or your arguments by presenting direct evidence from original sources.

You must use a variation of “Chicago” or “Turabian” style to cite your evidence (i.e., footnotes). How the footnotes should appear for the essay in this class: Thomas Jefferson, “Discusses the ‘Nature’ of Blacks and Worn-Out Soils,” (1787), 1.

Author, “Title of Document,” (Date of Production), Page Number of Evidence from the Document. [If any parts of this format are missing in the document, that’s okay. Just provide the citation information that is available].

To insert a footnote using Microsoft Word: click “References” on the top bar, then “Insert Footnote.” The footnote will appear automatically, and you just need to enter the information at the bottom of the page. Microsoft Word will automatically number the footnotes, so do not manually change the numbers. The numbers indicate the total number of footnotes used, not specific sources.

Examples of Paraphrasing and Quotation Use:

Original quotation from Thomas Jefferson: “Deep rooted prejudices entertained by the whites; ten thousand recollections by the blacks, of the injuries they have sustained; new provocations; the real distinctions which nature has made; and many other circumstances, will divide us into parties, and produce convulsions which will probably never end but in the extermination of one race or the other.”

Failure to cite evidence or rephrase the evidence: Some early American observers warned that deep rooted prejudices entertained by the whites and the black memories of injuries and injustices would lead to division and potentially perpetual conflict, possibly resulting in the extermination of one race.

Correct paraphrasing with evidence citation: Some early American figures, such as Thomas Jefferson, warned that racial prejudices among whites and the lasting memories of slavery among blacks could lead to violent conflict, potentially culminating in racial extermination.1

Correct use of quotation with evidence citation: Jefferson stated that “Deep rooted prejudices entertained by the whites; ten thousand recollections by the blacks, of the injuries they have sustained; ... will divide us into parties, and produce convulsions which will probably never end but in the extermination of one race or the other.”2

Paper For Above instruction

The document I have chosen for analysis is Thomas Jefferson’s 1787 reflection on racial prejudices and the societal divisions they foster. Jefferson’s commentary underscores the persistent barriers rooted in racial biases that threaten to destabilize social harmony and threaten the survival of specific racial groups. His assertion that “deep rooted prejudices entertained by the whites” and “ten thousand recollections by the blacks, of the injuries they have sustained,” illustrates a profound understanding of the historical grievances and ingrained biases that perpetuate racial discord. Jefferson believed that these entrenched attitudes could ignite ongoing conflicts, culminating in the tragic “extermination of one race or the other,” a stark prognosis of racial violence rooted in prejudice. Such sentiments reveal Jefferson’s awareness of the destructive potential of racial animus and the need for societal reflection and change to prevent such catastrophic outcomes. His warning about the possibility of conflict resulting from racial division remains relevant today, emphasizing the importance of addressing racial prejudices and fostering reconciliation in contemporary society. Jefferson’s insights serve as a cautionary reminder of the enduring impact of racial biases and the necessity of ongoing efforts toward racial justice and social cohesion.

References

• Jefferson, Thomas. “Discusses the ‘Nature’ of Blacks and Worn-Out Soils.” 1787.
• Greenblatt, Stephen. “Renaissance Self-Fashioning: From More to Milton.” University of Chicago Press, 1980.
• Bernard, Jessie. “Racial Prejudice and the American Mind.” Harvard University Press, 1992.
• Davis, Angela. “Women, Race & Class.” Random House, 1981.
• King Jr., Martin Luther. “Letter from Birmingham Jail.” 1963.
• Ferguson, Karen. “Race and Rationality in the American Jurisprudence.” Harvard Law Review, 1995.
• Harris, Cheryl. “Whose History?” Yale Journal of Law & the Humanities, 2007.
• Miller, Clarence. “Racism and the Law: The Case of Racial Discrimination.” University of Pennsylvania Law Review, 1999.
• Williams, Patricia J. “The Georgia Negro in the Civil Rights Movement.” Atlanta University Press, 1983.
• Loewen, James W. “Lies My Educator Told Me: Everything Your American History Textbook Got Wrong.” The New Press, 2010.