Summarize In At Least 3 To 4 Sentences After Completing Your

Summarize In At Least 3 4 Sentencesafter Completing Your Summaries An

After completing your summaries, answer the following questions: Provide a thorough description, by using clear and concise examples from the materials above, of the differences between prejudice and discrimination (as explored in the previous SS assignment). Based on your response to question one, why is it important to distinguish between these two concepts when studying race, ethnicity, and racism in the United States? ( portland: race against the past)

Paper For Above instruction

Prejudice and discrimination are closely related concepts in the study of race, ethnicity, and racism, but they differ fundamentally in their nature and expression. Prejudice refers to preconceived, often irrational attitudes or beliefs about a particular group, typically rooted in stereotypes and biases. For example, an individual may harbor prejudiced beliefs that a certain racial group is less intelligent without any factual basis. Discrimination, on the other hand, involves the unjust or unequal treatment of individuals or groups based on prejudiced beliefs or attributes. An example of discrimination is when an employer refuses to hire someone solely because of their race, despite their qualifications.

Understanding the distinction between prejudice and discrimination is crucial in the context of studying racial issues in the United States because conflating the two can lead to ineffective solutions. Prejudice is an internal attitude that may not always manifest overtly, while discrimination is an external behavior that can be observed and measured. Addressing only discrimination without tackling the underlying prejudiced attitudes may not eliminate systemic racial inequalities. Conversely, recognizing/prejudice as a root cause can inform more comprehensive approaches to dismantling racial bias, promoting equity, and fostering social change. For instance, educational programs aimed at reducing biases can decrease prejudiced beliefs, ultimately leading to less discriminatory behavior and creating a more inclusive society.

References

• Bonilla-Silva, E. (2014). Racism without racists: Color-blind racism and the persistence of racial inequality. Rowman & Littlefield.
• Feagin, J. R. (2014). Racial inequality: A political-economic analysis. Routledge.
• Jones, C. P. (2000). Levels of racism: A theoretic framework and a gardener’s tale. American Journal of Public Health, 90(8), 1212-1215.
• Pager, D., & Shepherd, H. (2008). The sociology of discrimination: Racial disparities in employment, housing, and policing. Annual Review of Sociology, 34, 181-209.
• Bonilla-Silva, E. (2010). Racism without racists: Color-blind racism and the persistence of racial inequality. Rowman & Littlefield.
• Essed, P. (1991). Understanding everyday racism: An interdisciplinary theory. Sage Publications.
• Tatum, B. D. (2003). "Why are all the Black kids sitting together in the cafeteria? And other conversations about race." Basic Books.
• Cox, T. (2001). Creating the multicultural organization: A strategy for capturing the power of diversity. Jossey-Bass.
• Crenshaw, K. (1991). Mapping the margins: Intersectionality, identity politics, and violence against women of color. Stanford Law Review, 43(6), 1241-1299.
• Williams, D. R., & Mohammed, S. A. (2009). Discrimination and racial disparities in health: Evidence and needed research. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 32(1), 20-47.