The Focus Of The Presentation Must Reflect Current Treatment ✓ Solved

The Focus Of The Presentation Must Reflect Current Treatment Recommend

The focus of the presentation must reflect current treatment recommendations from accepted professional organizations. Presentations must be no more than twelve slides in a PowerPoint format with a Reference List in APA format. 1.Presents the case including CC, HPI, Hx, ROS and PE findings concisely 2. List possible differential diagnosis with supporting/excluding criteria. 3. What labs or tests are typically ordered concerning this condition? What results should the Does NP expect to see with this diagnosis? 4. What medications are typically prescribed for this condition? List specific drugs, starting doses, dose ranges, precautions to keep in mind when prescribing these drugs. 5. What are the outcomes expected or unexpected for this specific condition? Moreover, What patient outcomes will trigger a referral? 6. Provide patient teaching materials specific to their condition.

Sample Paper For Above instruction

Introduction

This presentation focuses on the current treatment recommendations for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), emphasizing evidence-based practices from major professional organizations such as the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the World Health Organization (WHO). The aim is to provide a comprehensive overview of the clinical case, appropriate diagnostics, pharmacologic interventions, patient outcomes, and education strategies aligned with the latest guidelines.

Case Presentation

A 52-year-old male presents with complaints of increased thirst, frequent urination, and occasional blurred vision over the past three months. His medical history includes hypertension and hyperlipidemia. On physical examination, the patient shows a BMI of 30 kg/m2, blood pressure of 140/88 mm Hg, and no remarkable findings apart from central obesity. Routine blood work reveals fasting blood glucose of 160 mg/dL and HbA1c of 8.2%. The review of systems confirms polyuria and polydipsia, with no signs of diabetic ketoacidosis or infections.

Differential Diagnosis

Primary differentiation includes Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, which typically presents with rapid onset and ketosis, and Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young (MODY), which has a different genetic basis. Excluding criteria for T1DM include the absence of ketosis, low C-peptide levels, and negative autoantibodies. Other differentials include secondary causes such as pancreatic diseases or medication-induced hyperglycemia, excluded based on history and lab results.

Laboratory and Diagnostic Tests

Initial testing involves fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c, lipid profile, renal function tests, and urinalysis. Additional tests such as C-peptide levels and autoantibody panels help distinguish T2DM from T1DM. Typical findings include elevated fasting glucose (>126 mg/dL), HbA1c (>6.5%), no autoantibodies, and preserved C-peptide indicating insulin production. The NP should expect these labs to guide diagnosis and management.

Pharmacologic Management

First-line therapy generally involves metformin, starting at 500 mg once daily, titrated to a maximum of 2000 mg/day. Adjustments depend on tolerance and efficacy. Additional medications may include SGLT2 inhibitors or GLP-1 receptor agonists, with specific drugs like empagliflozin (starting at 10 mg daily) or semaglutide, considering contraindications such as renal impairment or history of pancreatitis. Precautions include monitoring renal function, hypoglycemia risk with insulin or sulfonylureas, and patient adherence.

Patient Outcomes and Referral Criteria

Effective management should normalize blood glucose levels, improve HbA1c, and reduce complication risks. Unexpected outcomes such as persistent hyperglycemia despite medication adjustments or development of adverse effects like hypoglycemia or lactic acidosis should prompt immediate review. Indications for referral include uncontrolled glycemia, development of diabetes-related complications, or new onset of significant comorbidities requiring specialist care.

Patient Education

Patients should receive comprehensive education on lifestyle modifications, including diet, exercise, weight management, and blood glucose monitoring. Emphasis should be placed on adherence to medication regimens, recognizing signs of hypoglycemia, and when to seek medical attention. Educational materials should be tailored to the patient’s literacy level and cultural considerations, facilitating better engagement and outcomes.

References

  • American Diabetes Association. (2023). Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2023. Diabetes Care, 46(Supplement 1), S1–S154.
  • World Health Organization. (2019). Diabetes Fact Sheet. WHO Publications.
  • Inzucchi, S. E., et al. (2021). Management of Hyperglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes: A Patient-Centered Approach. Diabetes Care, 44(1), 58–72.
  • Garber, A. J., et al. (2022). Pharmacologic Approaches to Glycemic Treatment. Diabetes Care, 45(4), 725–740.
  • McGuire, D. K., et al. (2020). The Role of SGLT2 Inhibitors in the Management of Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Spectrum, 33(1), 6–13.
  • Miller, E. R., et al. (2019). Lifestyle Interventions and Medications for Type 2 Diabetes. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 104(8), 3858–3867.
  • DeFronzo, R. A., et al. (2019). Evidence-Based Approaches to Combating Hyperglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes. Nature Reviews Endocrinology, 15(5), 277–289.
  • Nuttall, F. Q. (2021). Managing Diabetes with Medications and Lifestyle. Diabetes Management, 11(4), 213–224.
  • Secrest, A. M., et al. (2020). Diabetes Management and Patient Education Strategies. Patient Education and Counseling, 103(11), 2507–2513.
  • Nathan, D. M., et al. (2018). The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT). Diabetes Care, 41(1), 263–272.

Related Assignments