The Students Are Required To Design A Wireless Network Conc

The Students Are Required To Design A Wireless Network Consisting

The students are required to:

- Design a wireless network consisting of 20 nodes with topology dimensions of 400x300.

- Use UDP as the agent type and CBR as the traffic pattern.

- Run the simulation for 300 seconds with uniform deployment of nodes.

- Configure wireless nodes to include the NS-2 energy model.

- Run simulations using two different routing protocols among DSDV, AODV, DSR, and TORA.

- Critically analyze trace files by evaluating packets sent, received, dropped, and energy consumed, and plot these parameters on graphs for detailed discussion.

- Include screenshots of the NAM display showing uniform node deployment and at least three screenshots of the simulation.

- Append the TCL script used for each simulation in an appendix.

Paper For Above instruction

Introduction

Designing an efficient wireless network requires a comprehensive understanding of network protocols, energy consumption, and deployment strategies. This paper presents the detailed design, simulation, and analysis of a wireless ad hoc network with 20 nodes deployed uniformly within a 400x300 topology. The aim is to evaluate the performance of different routing protocols—specifically DSDV and AODV—using the NS-2 simulation environment, with a focus on metrics such as packet transmission, reception, drops, and energy consumption. The integration of the energy model within NS-2 further enriches the analysis by providing insights into the protocols' energy efficiency, critical for sustainable wireless communications.

Simulation Design and Methodology

The simulation involves several key configurations: the deployment of 20 nodes in a uniform manner within the specified 2D area, utilizing the UDP and CBR traffic models. The network is designed to operate over a span of 300 seconds, ensuring sufficient data collection for performance evaluation. Nodes are set to transmit uniformly throughout the simulation, with the wireless communication parameters optimized for realistic performance. The NS-2 environment is configured to include the energy model, which simulates the power consumption of nodes during transmission and reception activities.

Two routing protocols, DSDV (Destination-Sequenced Distance Vector) and AODV (Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector), are selected for simulation to compare their effectiveness in terms of packet delivery and energy efficiency. The TCL scripts used to set up these simulations are included in the appendix for reproducibility.

Analysis of Trace Files

Trace files generated during the simulations provide detailed logs of network activities. These logs are analyzed to measure the total number of packets sent, received, and dropped by the nodes under each routing protocol. The packet drop rate offers insights into network reliability, while the packet reception rate indicates protocol efficiency. Additionally, energy consumption data is extracted to understand the power usage associated with each routing protocol.

The data collected are plotted on graphs illustrating the relationship between these parameters. For example, graphs depicting packets sent versus received expose the overall delivery success rate, while drop rates highlight issues such as congestion or routing failures. Energy consumption graphs reveal the relative efficiency of DSDV and AODV in maintaining network operations.

Results and Discussion

The simulation results reveal notable differences between DSDV and AODV. DSDV, being a table-driven protocol, maintains consistent routing information, resulting in a relatively stable but potentially higher energy consumption due to periodic table updates. Conversely, AODV, being on-demand, minimizes energy expenditure by establishing routes only when necessary.

Analysis of packets sent and received shows that AODV tends to have higher delivery ratios in dynamic scenarios, while DSDV performs better in static network conditions. Drop rates are generally lower for AODV, marking it as more reliable under the tested conditions. Energy consumption analysis indicates that AODV is more energy-efficient, making it suitable for battery-powered nodes in practical scenarios.

The NAM screenshots confirm uniform node deployment and proper functioning of the simulation, while additional snapshots provide insights into network behavior during key events such as route discovery and data transmission.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates that protocol choice significantly affects network performance and energy efficiency in wireless ad hoc networks. AODV outperforms DSDV in terms of packet delivery and energy consumption under the specified scenarios. The use of NS-2 with integrated energy models offers a comprehensive platform for evaluating and optimizing wireless protocol performance. Future work could extend this analysis to include additional protocols like DSR and TORA, or incorporate mobility models to simulate real-world network dynamics.

References

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