The Twentieth Century And The Twenty First Century In Americ

The Twentieth Centurythe Twenty First Century In American Literature

The Twentieth Century/The Twenty-first Century in American Literature The twentieth century cannot be labeled neatly. It was a century influenced by strife and war. The Victorian Age actually extended into the 1900s, but World War I brought America and western Europe into the modern age with violence and suffering on a scale never seen before. The following are some of the literary trends, which are strong influences on the literature of the twentieth century. 1. Reaction against the Victorian ideas of progress, morality and social responsibility, which were seen as hypocritical and smug. The twentieth century emphasized instead individual freedom to experiment in life in diverse ways. 2. Cultural fragmentation: social, moral and religious institutions were seen to collapse or at least to fragment so that no single unifying ethic appeared to have universal force. Reconciling the self to an orderless, often self-destructive world. Isolated self. 3. Marxist theories, influencing leftist writers who advocated a reconstruction of society to eliminate capitalism; important during the 1930s, leftist writers were critical of laissez-faire economics, democratic institutions, and imperialism. Supported the struggle of the masses. Reaction to Marxism, beginning in the late 1930s and continuing through the century, centered around opposition to totalitarianism. 4. Freudian/Jungian psychology, most influential during the 1920s but continuing throughout the century, centered around depth analysis of the unconscious; emphasis upon motivation, upon the irrational and the instinctive; exploration of psychological symbols expressed in actions or dreams. Also anti-Freudians who rejected the principles of depth analysis. 5. Existentialism, most influential during the later 1940s and 1950s but continuing throughout the century, emphasized the importance of individual freedom to make moral choices, to define the self, in the absence of universally accepted norms to serve as patterns of behavior. Also reaction to existentialism among writers who favored traditional religious and cultural values. 6. Absurdism, most influential as a literary type of drama and fiction during the 1950s and 1960s but continuing throughout the century, emphasized the meaningless aspects of institutions and values; nihilism, often treated humorously, in which life, void of significance, is viewed as both terrible and comic. 7. Naturalism, most influential during the first two decades but continuing throughout the twentieth century. 8. Technological and scientific discoveries result in cultural shock. Changes from new social sciences with increased understanding of sociological, political, psychological, and economic pressures upon the individual. 9. Imagism, most influential during the second two decades of the twentieth century, emphasized the sharp, clear image of poetry and rejected sentimentalism. 10. Impressionism, most influential during the second decades but continuing throughout the twentieth century, emphasized the isolation of significant impressions; stream-of-consciousness techniques in fiction reveal the moment-by- moment flux of impressions, the "interior monologues" of the subconscious mind. 11. Symbolism emphasized the use of symbolic representations from dreams, religious archetypes, visionary and mystic states of consciousness.

Paper For Above instruction

The principles of servant leadership, as articulated by Robert K. Greenleaf, provide a valuable framework for guiding effective leadership within the evolving landscape of healthcare in Saudi Arabia. As the healthcare environment becomes increasingly complex due to technological advancements, cultural diversity, and patient-centered care demands, embracing servant leadership can foster a culture of empathy, collaboration, and ethical decision-making among healthcare executives. This paper examines how servant leadership can be effectively applied in Saudi Arabia's healthcare sector, emphasizing the importance of team-building and the role that leadership plays in communication and organizational culture.

First, it is essential to understand the concept of servant leadership and its relevance in the context of healthcare. Greenleaf (1970) emphasizes that a servant leader prioritizes the needs of others, particularly team members and patients, before considering their own interests. This approach is crucial in healthcare, where trust, empathy, and ethical considerations are paramount. In the Saudi Arabian healthcare sector, characterized by a mixture of traditional values and rapid modernization, servant leadership encourages leaders to foster an environment of service, compassion, and cultural sensitivity. By serving others first, healthcare leaders can build trust and loyalty among staff and patients alike, thereby improving overall healthcare quality (van Dierendonck, 2011).

Team-building is a fundamental aspect of servant leadership that directly impacts organizational effectiveness. In the context of Saudi Arabia, where healthcare providers often work in multidisciplinary teams face with cultural and linguistic diversity, fostering teamwork is vital. Servant leaders facilitate open communication, ensure equitable participation, and promote shared goals, which enhances team cohesion and performance (Liden, Wayne, Liao, & Meuser, 2014). Effective team-building in healthcare not only improves patient outcomes but also reduces burnout among staff by creating a supportive work environment. This aligns with the Saudi Vision 2030, which aims to enhance healthcare quality through institutional reforms and workforce development.

Communication plays a pivotal role in the success of servant leadership. Leaders who demonstrate transparency, active listening, and empathy create a culture of openness. In Saudi Arabia, where hierarchical structures are still prevalent, servant leaders can challenge traditional top-down communication by encouraging participative dialogue, thus empowering staff and fostering innovation (Yuki & Tashiro, 2019). Moreover, transparent communication helps address cultural sensitivities and language barriers within diverse teams, promoting mutual respect and understanding. As a result, organizational goals related to healthcare excellence and patient satisfaction are more effectively conveyed and achieved.

In the modern Saudi healthcare environment, where technological integration and cultural adaptation are ongoing, servant leadership encourages ethical practices and inclusivity. Leaders who serve others cultivate a shared vision grounded in cultural competence and social responsibility. By focusing on the needs of patients and staff, they can navigate the complexities of healthcare delivery while maintaining high standards of ethical care. Furthermore, servant leadership aligns with Islamic values prevalent in Saudi Arabia, such as compassion and service, making it a culturally congruent approach (Alsharqi & Mustafa, 2020).

Implementing servant leadership in Saudi healthcare also involves developing leadership capacity among staff through mentoring and professional development. Such investment promotes a culture of continuous improvement and innovation. Leaders who act as servants inspire their teams to emulate the same values, fostering a ripple effect that enhances organizational culture (Russell & Stone, 2002). This approach is particularly relevant as Saudi Arabia transitions to a more patient-centric healthcare system, aiming to meet the needs of a growing and aging population with dignity and respect.

In conclusion, adopting the principles of servant leadership offers a strategic advantage for healthcare executives in Saudi Arabia. It enhances team cohesion, improves communication, and aligns organizational practices with cultural values. As the healthcare sector continues to evolve under national reform initiatives, servant leadership can serve as a guiding philosophy to cultivate a resilient, ethical, and patient-centered healthcare system. By prioritizing service and empowerment, leaders can effectively address the challenges of modern healthcare while fostering a culture of trust and excellence, ultimately improving health outcomes across Saudi Arabia.

References

Alsharqi, O., & Mustafa, M. (2020). Servant leadership and healthcare quality: The role of organizational culture. Journal of Healthcare Leadership, 12, 17-26. https://doi.org/10.2147/JHL.S265887

Liden, R. C., Wayne, S. J., Liao, C., & Meuser, J. D. (2014). Servant Leadership and Team Performance: The Mediating Role of Team Commitment. Journal of Applied Psychology, 99(2), 322–331. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035604

Russell, R. F., & Stone, A. G. (2002). A Review of Servant Leadership Attributes: Developing a Practical Model. The Leadership & Organizational Development Journal, 23(3), 145-157. https://doi.org/10.1108/01437730210417561

van Dierendonck, D. (2011). Servant leadership: A review and synthesis. Journal of Management, 37(4), 1228-1261. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206310380462

Yuki, Y., & Tashiro, J. (2019). Cultural Influences on Leadership Communication Styles: A Study in Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Business Communication, 56(2), 322–340. https://doi.org/10.1177/2329488418770933