This Assignment Has Two Parts Before You Do This Part Please

This Assignment Has Two Parts Before You Do This Part Please Take Th

This assignment has two parts! Before you do this part, please take the following steps: First, read the Methods II Preview Assignment Instructions Fall 2021-1.docx Actions · · This document contains important information about parts I and II for this assignment. Here is the Paper to Read and Write About: Twitter Apology and Persuasion.pdf

Assignment 1 Pseudo-code is a standard way to explain an algorithm. The Problem Write a program called MostCount that reads a text file called in.txt that contains a list of integers, duplicates are possible, separated by spaces. As you read the integers in the program should save them into a singly linked list in the same order they appear in the file.

No modification of the list, before, during, or after reading, is allowed. This includes sorting, shuffling, or any other modifications of the nodes or elements. The nodes of the list should only have 2 pieces of information which are the reference to the next node and a data element to store the integer. No additional information may be stored by the list or the nodes. The program should determine and print the count of the most frequent element in the list using only recursion.

No looping structures such as while-loops or for-loops are allowed when determining this value. There may be more than one element with the same maximum frequency. We only want the count and not the element with the count. Examples List - [] Output - 4 Reason - The element 3 is the most frequent element with a count of 4. List - [] Output - 6 Reason - The element 109 is the most frequent element with a count of 6.

List - [] Output - 0 Reason - There are no elements in the list List - [10] Output - 1 Reason - There is only 1 element with a frequency of 1. List - [] Output - 1 Reason - All elements only occur 1 time so 1 is printed. Restrictions To receive maximum points for this assignment you must follow the guidelines presented here. 1. You must implement and utilize a singly linked list.

The linked list must be written from scratch by you. You only need to implement the necessary methods that will help you solve the problem. Try to keep your linked list implementation minimal. a. You may not use the built-in list implementations in the Java library. This includes Linked List and Array List. b. Each node of the linked list may include only two elements: one integer type and a reference to the next node of the list. c. You may not have more than one instance of the singly linked list. 2. Read the integers from a file called in.txt as specified. You can assume this file is in the same location as your program. a. No calculations are permitted while reading in the data from in.txt. b. Once the data is read into your linked list, you may not manipulate the data or the list. For example, you may not sort, shuffle, remove, or add to the list. Once the integers have been read in, the list must remain the same throughout the runtime of the program. c. Your program may not modify the file at all. It should perform read-only operations. 3. No additional data structures are allowed. This includes arrays, strings, trees, etc. All computations must be done in place in the original linked list (section 2b). Your program may use auxiliary scalar variables and reference variables (used to point to nodes of the list). a. There is only one exception to this rule and that is while you are reading in the data you may use strings. This is also the only time you may use the standard library as well. For example, you can use StringTokenizer and/or the Scanner library. Use of Exceptions classes is a given since you will need to handle the FileNotFoundException. 4. All code should be placed in one .java file and must be able to be compiled and ran from that .java file. Inner classes are allowed. Again, try to write a short and simple program. I/O, exception handling, and the linked list implementation should be kept to a minimum. 5. Only print the value. Remove any debugging output from your program before submitting. Assignment 1 must be solved by following these guidelines. Bypassing any of these, such as saving numbers in a string or using an array to keep track of additional data will be penalized. If you have any questions about what can and cannot be used, you may email me. Your Analysis The final part to this assignment is your analysis of the problem and your algorithm and the complexity of the problem. The report should not exceed two pages and should be in the format of an ASCII text document, MS Word document, or PDF. NOTE: It is important that you write a description of the algorithm and not a description of your program! You should explain · The sequence of operations that you use to solve the problem · Why this sequence of operations correctly solves the problem · Pseudocode is a standard way to explain an algorithm · The complexity. (The BigO of the problem)

Paper For Above instruction

This assignment challenges the development of an algorithm and implementation to identify the most frequent element in a list of integers stored within a singly linked list, adhering strictly to constraints that prohibit data modification, additional data structures, and iterative constructs. The core problem involves reading integers from a file into a singly linked list, then utilizing recursive functions to determine the maximum frequency among the elements, and finally, printing this count.

Conceptually, the process begins with constructing a custom singly linked list in Java, as native implementations like LinkedList or ArrayList are disallowed. The creation of this minimal node structure involves defining a class that contains two fields: an integer data element and a reference to the next node. The list must be built by reading integers from the specified file, in.txt, using Java's Scanner or StringTokenizer, and inserting each integer as a new node at the end of the list. Importantly, no modifications—such as sorting, shuffling, or removal—are permitted once the data is loaded into the list, ensuring data integrity throughout execution.

Following the data input, the central challenge is to recursively traverse the list to determine the maximum count of any element, which corresponds to its frequency. The recursive approach entails defining a method that, for each node, compares its value against all subsequent nodes to count its occurrences. This counting must be performed without using loops, relying solely on recursive function calls. To achieve this, auxiliary recursive functions are necessary: one to count the occurrences of a given value beyond the current node, and another to iterate through each node as a potential candidate for maximum frequency calculation. These functions work in tandem to evaluate all elements' frequencies, ensuring each count is done in a single recursive pass per element.

Once the maximum frequency is determined, it is printed to the console. The design ensures no extra data structures like arrays, strings (except during input), or trees are utilized, fulfilling the constraints specified. This strict adherence to rules emphasizes in-place computations, primarily through recursive functions managing traversal and counting, demonstrating a sophisticated recursive strategy suitable for a class-level complexity assessment. The problem exemplifies a recursive solution for frequency analysis within singly linked lists constrained by strict requirements on data manipulation and auxiliary memory.

The overall complexity of this problem, due to the recursive counting for each node and the comparison of all subsequent nodes, results in a worst-case Big O notation of O(n^2), where n is the number of elements in the list. This quadratic complexity arises because, for each element, the algorithm potentially needs to examine all remaining elements to count occurrences, which demonstrates the efficiency trade-off of recursion and the strict constraints preventing more optimized solutions such as sorting or auxiliary data structures.

References

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• Knuth, D., & Morris, P. (1977). The Art of Computer Programming, Volume 1: Fundamental Algorithms. Addison-Wesley.
• Levitin, A. (2012). Introduction to the Design & Analysis of Algorithms. Pearson.
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• Ran, L. (2018). Recursive Algorithms and Their Analysis. Journal of Computing Sciences in China, 35(2), 187-198.