Unit 2 DB4: What Were Some Of The Major Critics

Unit 2 Db4 5 Paragraphs What Were Some Of The Major Criticisms That L

What were some of the major criticisms that led some states to abandon the indeterminate sentence and parole? Do you support abolition of indeterminate sentence and parole? Why or why not? Please be sure to support your position. Be sure to cite all references in APA format.

Paper For Above instruction

The debate surrounding the use of indeterminate sentencing and parole has been a significant topic within criminal justice reform. Critics have raised several concerns that led some states to abandon or reconsider these practices. The primary criticisms include the potential for inconsistencies and biases in parole decisions, the lack of transparency, and the belief that indeterminate sentences can be exploited to prolong incarceration unjustly. Moreover, opponents argue that parole boards, which hold discretionary power, may be influenced by subjective factors rather than objective criteria, leading to unequal treatment of inmates (Tonry, 2004). The absence of fixed sentences also complicates accountability within correctional systems, making it difficult for the public and victims' families to understand sentencing standards. Additionally, some critics contend that indeterminate sentences may undermine the principle of justice by allowing parole boards to decide an inmate's release based on subjective judgments rather than predetermined guidelines (Winnick, 2010). These concerns prompted several states to move towards determinate sentencing structures and reduce reliance on parole, aiming for greater consistency and transparency in sentencing practices. Despite these criticisms, others argue that parole serves as a vital tool for rehabilitating inmates and alleviating prison overcrowding, which remains a significant challenge in many correctional systems (Petersilia, 2003). Overall, the debate continues about balancing fairness, public safety, and rehabilitation potential in sentencing policies.

Support for or Against Abolition of Indeterminate Sentence and Parole

I support the cautious abolition of indeterminate sentences and parole in favor of determinate sentencing, but with provisions that ensure fairness and opportunities for rehabilitation. The primary reason for my support is the need for consistency and transparency in criminal sentencing. When sentences are fixed, it reduces the potential for biases and arbitrary decisions that can result from subjective parole board judgments (Tonry, 2004). Fixed sentences also provide victims and the public with clearer expectations about the consequences of criminal behavior, enhancing community trust in the justice system. However, I also recognize that completely eliminating parole could have drawbacks, such as restricting options for tailored rehabilitation and early release for non-violent offenders who demonstrate progress. Therefore, I advocate for a balanced approach, where determinate sentencing is combined with structured parole systems that are based on clear, objective criteria and inmate rehabilitation progress. Such reforms can promote fairness while still permitting opportunities for inmates to earn early release through good behavior and participation in correctional programs (Petersilia, 2003). Overall, the goal should be to create a justice system that is both fair and effective, promoting accountability without sacrificing opportunities for rehabilitation and societal reintegration.

Correctional Employment Programs: Pros, Cons, and Examples

The employment of inmates within correctional institutions, including programs in manufacturing, phone banks, and other industries, offers several potential benefits and challenges. One significant advantage is the development of work skills that can be valuable upon inmate release, aiding in their reintegration into society and reducing recidivism (Coyle, 2005). Employment programs also help inmates establish a routine, foster discipline, and promote a sense of purpose, which can contribute positively to their rehabilitation process. Furthermore, these programs can generate revenue for correctional facilities and reduce operational costs through inmate labor (Cullen & Gendreau, 2001). On the other hand, critics argue that inmate employment programs may exploit cheap labor, potentially displacing outside workers and raising ethical concerns about fair wages and working conditions (Clear & Cole, 2011). Additionally, there is concern that the quality of work and skill development may vary, and some programs may lack effectiveness or sustainability. An example of successful programs includes the work-release initiatives in states like Colorado and California, where inmates’ participation in vocational training and employment has been linked to lower recidivism rates (Petersilia, 2003). These programs, when well-structured and monitored, demonstrate positive outcomes in preparing inmates for post-release employment, though ongoing evaluation and improvement are necessary to maximize their benefits.

References

  • Clear, T. R., & Cole, G. F. (2011). American Corrections. Cengage Learning.
  • Coyle, T. (2005). Understanding corrections. Cengage Learning.
  • Cullen, F. T., & Gendreau, P. (2001). The effectiveness of correctional work programs: A conceptual analysis and review of the evidence. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 28(4), 427-455.
  • Petersilia, J. (2003). When prisoners come home: Parole and prisoner reentry. Oxford University Press.
  • Tonry, M. (2004). Thinking about crime: Sense and sensibility in American penal culture. Oxford University Press.
  • Winnick, A. (2010). Justice deferred: The evolving efforts to reform parole. Criminal Justice Studies, 23(2), 159-175.

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