Using Erikson's 8 Stages Of Psychosocial Development

Using Eriksons 8 stages of Psychosocial Development

Human development is a branch of psychology with the goal of understanding people — how they develop, grow, and change throughout their lives. This discipline, which can help individuals better understand themselves and their relationships, is broad. Many scientists and psychologists, including Erik Erikson, have studied these developmental processes. Erikson's theory focuses on psychosocial development happening in eight sequential stages, each characterized by a specific conflict or crisis that influences personality development and social functioning (Erikson, 1950/1982). Understanding these stages aids in interpreting how social experiences impact human growth across the lifespan.

This table summarizes Stage 2 of Erikson's psychosocial development model, highlighting age range, the core conflict, important events, and a generalized description of what occurs during this stage.

Paper For Above instruction

Stage Number Age Range Basic Conflict (Psychological Crisis) Important Events Generalized Summary
2 1 to 3 years Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt Learning to walk, talking, beginning toilet training, exploring independence. This stage emphasizes developing a sense of personal control and independence, where children assert their choices and begin to experience autonomy. Success leads to confidence, while failure may result in feelings of shame and doubt about their abilities (Erikson, 1950/1982).

References

  • Erikson, E. H. (1982). Childhood and Society (50th Anniversary Edition). W. W. Norton & Company. (Original work published 1950)
  • McLeod, S. (2018). Erik Erikson's Theory of Psychosocial Development. Simply Psychology. https://www.simplypsychology.org/Erik-Erikson.html
  • Carlson, N. R. (2014). Psychology: The Science of Behavior. Pearson.
  • Hess, R. & Hare, R. (1998). Theories of Development. In K. Cowan (Ed.), Theories of development: Concepts and applications. Harper Collins.
  • Salkind, N. J. (2010). Encyclopedia of Research Design. Sage Publications.
  • Forehand, R. (2011). Child Development: An Introduction. McGraw-Hill Education.
  • Shaffer, D. R. (2009). Social and Personality Development. Cengage Learning.
  • Crain, W. C. (2011). Theories of Development: Concepts and Applications. Pearson Education.
  • Berger, K. S. (2018). Invitation to the Life Span. Worth Publishers.
  • Siegler, R. S., DeLoache, J., & Siegler, N. (2018). How Children Develop. Worth Publishers.

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