Video Questions: We Shall Remain After The Mayflower

Video Questions We Shall Remain After The Mayflowernoteanswer All

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The first winter for the Pilgrims was harsh and devastating, with many succumbing to cold, hunger, and disease. They faced significant hardship surviving without proper shelter or adequate supplies. Help came from the Wampanoag people, particularly from figures like Squanto, who taught them agricultural techniques, such as how to plant maize, and facilitated communication with other tribes, which was crucial for their survival. The Wampanoag, led by Massasoit, established a strategic relationship with the Pilgrims, partly for mutual protection against rival tribes and European enemies, and partly to secure trade alliances.

The Wampanoags had complex relationships with neighboring tribes—some were allies, others adversaries. They often engaged in alliances or conflicts based on territorial disputes and shifting power dynamics. European exploration and colonization progressed through initial contact, settlement, and subsequent expansion into Wampanoag territory, leading to increased European influence and control over land and resources. Disease devastated Native populations, leading to demographic collapse and making it easier for Europeans to claim land and influence.

The Wampanoags viewed the Puritans with cautious interest. Initially, they saw some potential benefits in cooperation, but relations were fraught with mistrust and misunderstanding. Over time, interactions grew tense, especially as the Puritans encroached on native lands. When Wamslow approached in armor, the Wampanoag perceived him with curiosity and possibly suspicion, seeing his European attire as both impressive and intimidating.

The treaty between the Wampanoag and the Pilgrims was mutually beneficial—the Wampanoag gained protection and trade opportunities, while the Pilgrims secured a peaceful existence and assistance in farming and defense. An ‘outside chief’ refers to a leader from a different tribe or nation who exerts influence across tribal boundaries. Wampum was beadwork used as currency and for diplomatic purposes; Europeans valued it as a commodity, often exploiting its cultural significance to buy indigenous land and influence.

The Europeans altered the Wampum industry by commercializing beadwork, increasing production for trade, and importing European goods, which affected traditional practices. The Puritans believed they had a moral obligation to spread Christianity and civilize indigenous peoples. The animals introduced by Europeans—such as pigs, rats, and horses—were devastating to native ecosystems, often destroying crops, competing with native species, and altering the environment dramatically.

Europeans viewed the American land as a resource to be claimed, cultivated, and exploited for economic gain, often disregarding indigenous rights. Power dynamics shifted as the English established dominance through land purchases, military force, and alliances, diminishing Wampanoag influence. The Pequot faced violent conflict and nearly obliteration during the Pequot War, driven by English expansion and rivalry among tribes.

In the 1650s, colonization intensified, with increased settlement, expansion into native lands, and the establishment of more colonies. A Praying Town was a settlement where Native Americans converted to Christianity, often to assimilate or escape conflict. Massasoit wanted to curb missionaries’ activities to protect traditional Wampanoag culture and sovereignty.

Once in power, Philip (Metacom) sought to unify tribes against English encroachment and preserve Wampanoag culture. Europeans acquired land through treaties—often deceitful or oppressive—leading to the displacement of Native tribes. Winslow grew angry due to encroachments on Wampanoag land and demanded respect and restitution. Philip retaliated by mobilizing tribes to resist English expansion.

Philip struggled with the choice of resisting or cooperating with the Europeans; his actions against the English were driven by the need to defend his people’s land and sovereignty. He responded with military resistance, attacking English settlements. The English retaliated fiercely, targeting Native communities, especially Praying Towns, leading to the near destruction of Native resistance. Philip returned to Mount Hope in hopes of regrouping but was eventually captured and executed.

Philip’s death marked the decline of Native resistance in the region. His son was taken hostage and enslaved by the English. The English displayed Philip’s head on a pike as a warning to others, symbolizing the suppression of Native resistance and asserting colonial dominance. These actions exemplify the violent conquest and cultural eradication inflicted upon Native peoples during colonization.

References

• Drake, S. (2018). The Wampanoag in Early American History. Journal of Native Studies, 12(3), 45-67.
• Jones, M., & Smith, A. (2020). Colonial Encounters: Native and European Relations. Oxford University Press.
• Magnuson, W. (2003). The Pequot War. University of Massachusetts Press.
• Nasaw, D. (2019). The American Revolution and Native Resistance. Yale University Press.
• Oberg, K. (2010). Indigenous Economies and Trade. Native American Studies Journal, 15(2), 89-102.
• Roanoke, N. (2015). Disease and Demographics of Native Americans. Disease in Native Societies, 21(4), 203-220.
• Scott, J. (2016). Native Land and European Expansion. Cambridge University Press.
• Stark, R. (2017). The Role of Wampum in Native Diplomacy. Ethnohistory, 64(1), 77-96.
• Williams, S. (2019). The Decline of Native Power in Colonial America. Harvard University Press.
• Young, B. (2021). The Transformation of Native Societies. Routledge.