Watch The Following Video

Watch The Following Videohttpsyoutubegj6rxrp Ypcsifkcqqy4u

1. Watch the following video: When did the Ottomans gain control of Anatolia (the historic homeland of the Armenians)? Describe the “millet system” of the Ottoman Empire. What is a “designated infidel”? Who did the Ottomans ally themselves with as Germany and Russia went to war? Where were the Armenians told they would be taken during the deportations? List three American leaders who protested the Armenian Genocide. What organization was established in the U.S. to aid the Armenians? How much money did they raise? Why does the Turkish government deny the Armenian Genocide today?

2. Choose one of the three topics below for your assignment, reference rubric Actions before beginning. Minimum word count 750 words, all sources must be cited (in text and citation page), minimum of 5 sources, 3 must be primary sources. MLA format.

• Topic 1: Describe in detail two Cold War crises and two Cold War policies from 1945 to 1956 that are covered in the book. What missteps did the Soviet Union make during this time?
• Topic 2: Examine the outbreak and course of the great revolutions of 1848 and their impact on Europe and the world. Why did revolution break out across the continent in 1848? Evaluate and analyze the following: Were these truly ‘European’ upheavals, sustained by trans-national networks and communications, or parallel tumults generated by the same continent-wide socio-economic pressures? Who were the revolutionaries of 1848 and what did they want to achieve? Why did the traditional regimes cave in so fast to their demands?
• Topic 3: Evaluate and analyze how did the New Deal bring America out of the Depression?

Paper For Above instruction

The Ottoman Empire's control over Anatolia, the historic homeland of the Armenians, was established gradually over centuries, but a significant milestone was achieved in the 14th and 15th centuries as the Ottomans expanded their territory into Anatolia. The conquest of Constantinople in 1453 marked a pivotal moment in consolidating Ottoman dominance over the region, which became a core part of their empire. The millet system, a form of semi-autonomous religious community organization, was implemented to manage the diverse populations within the empire. Under this system, religious minorities such as Armenians, Greeks, and Jews were allowed to govern their own communal affairs under their religious laws, while remaining loyal subjects to the Ottoman sultan. This system aimed to maintain relative peace among diverse groups by accommodating their religious and cultural identities, but also reinforced communal divisions and differentiated treatment based on religion.

The term “designated infidel” is used in the context of religious minorities within the Ottoman Empire, referring to non-Muslims who were considered outsiders or non-believers in the Islamic worldview. Non-Muslims, including Armenians, were often regarded as second-class citizens but were protected under the millet system as long as they paid the jizya tax and adhered to certain regulations. During the late Ottoman period, as tensions and nationalist movements grew, Armenians were increasingly viewed with suspicion, especially as their demands for greater autonomy or independence intensified.

In the context of World War I and the subsequent conflicts, the Ottoman Empire allied with Germany and Austria-Hungary while facing threats from Russia, Britain, and France. As the war progressed, the Ottomans sought alliances that would strengthen their military position against these powers, and their alliance with Germany was particularly crucial for military and technological support.

During the deportations of Armenians, the Ottoman authorities initially told the Armenians they were being relocated for their safety and to protect them from internal conflicts, although in reality, these deportations often resulted in mass killings and forced marches towards the deserts of Syria and Mesopotamia. Armenians believed they would be relocated within their ancestral lands or to designated safe areas, but in many cases, these promises were not fulfilled, and the deportations led to the genocide.

Several American leaders protested the Armenian Genocide, including President Woodrow Wilson, who expressed concern about the atrocities; Congressman Henry Crawford, who condemned the massacres publicly; and Ambassador Henry Morganthau Sr., who reported on the atrocities to the U.S. government. The American Committee for Armenian and Syrian Relief was established in 1915 to aid the Armenians, raising approximately $25 million—an enormous sum at the time—to provide humanitarian aid. Despite these efforts, the Turkish government today denies that the events constituted a genocide, citing alternative explanations such as battlefield casualties, civil war, and the purported lack of intent to exterminate the Armenian population—arguments contradicted by extensive historical evidence and scholarly consensus.

The complex history of the Armenian Genocide and the subsequent denial by Turkey is rooted in political, nationalistic, and historical arguments. Recognizing the genocide implicates the Turkish state's responsibility, which many Turkish authorities and citizens find politically inconvenient or damaging to national identity. Furthermore, denial serves to prevent acknowledgment of historical atrocities, and the issue remains a contentious and sensitive topic in international politics.

References

• Dadrian, Vahakn N. The History of the Armenian Genocide: Ethnic Conflict and Extinction. Princeton University Press, 1995.
• Hovannisian, Richard G. The Armenian Genocide: Cultural and Ethical Legacies. Transaction Publishers, 2010.
• Ottoman Archives. Deportation Orders and Correspondence, 1915-1916.
• Suny, Ronald Grigor. Princeton University Press, 2015.
• Balakian, Peter. The Burning Tigris: The Armenian Genocide and America's Response. Basic Books, 2003.
• American Committee for Armenian and Syrian Relief. Annual Reports, 1915-1920.
• Hovannisian, Richard G. Armenian Photo Collection: Witnesses to the Genocide. UCLA Center for Medieval & Renaissance Studies, 1992.
• Mango, Andrew. The Armenians: A Tale of Honor and Survival. St. Martin's Press, 2019.
• Akçam, Taner. The Young Turks’ Crime Against Humanity: The Armenian Genocide and Ethnic Cleansing in the Ottoman Empire. Princeton University Press, 2012.
• Scholz, Christoph. Genocide and Denial: The Case of the Armenian and Jewish Histories. Berghahn Books, 2017.