What Are The Diagrams Defined In The UML Standard

What Are The Diagrams Defined In The Uml Stand

Instructions 1. (10 pts) What are the diagrams defined in the UML Standard. Give a one or two sentence description of each one. 2. (10 pts) Given the following code, how should the toString methods in the classes H2ClassA and H2ClassB be written to give the indicated output and take advantage of the natural toString method in H2ClassB? 1 import java.util.ArrayList; 2 3 public class H2ClassA { 4 ArrayList list = new ArrayList (); 5 6 public static void main (String args []) { 7 H2ClassA y = new H2ClassA (); 8 int [] v = {4, 3, 7, 5, 99, 3}; 9 for (int m: v) 10 y.list.add (new H2ClassB (m)); 11 System.out.println (y); 12 } // end main 13 14 } // end class H2ClassA 15 16 class H2ClassB { 17 int x; 18 H2ClassB (int a) { x = a;} 19 } // end H2ClassB OUTPUT: . (10 pts) How can the following code be corrected? Give at least two good answers. 1 public class H2ClassC { 2 H2ClassC (int a) {} 3 } // end class H2ClassC 4 5 class H2ClassD extends H2ClassC{ 6 } // end class H2ClassD 4. (10 pts) Why does the following code give a compiler error? How should it be fixed? 1 public class H2ClassE { 2 int x, y, z; 3 4 H2ClassE (int a) { 5 x = a; 6 this (5, 12); 7 } 8 9 H2ClassE (int b, int c) { 10 y = b; 11 z = c; 12 } 13 } // end class H2ClassE 5. (10 pts) What is wrong with the following declaration? How should it be fixed? public static final int myNumber = 17.36; 6. (10 pts) What is wrong with the following code? How should it be fixed? 1 public class H2ClassG { 2 final int x; 3 4 H2ClassG () {} 5 H2ClassG (int a) {x = a;} 6 } // end class H2ClassG 7. (10 pts) What is wrong with the following code? How should it be fixed? 1 public class H2ClassH { 2 final int x; 3 4 int H2ClassH () { 5 if (x == 7) return 1; 6 return 2; 7 } // end 8 } // end class H2ClassH 8. (10 pts) What is wrong with the following code? x should be given a value of 24. What are two ways this can be legally accomplished? 1 public class H2ClassI { 2 final int x; 3 4 public static void main (String args []) { 5 H2ClassI h = new H2ClassI (); 6 h.x = 24; 7 } // end main 8 } // end class H2ClassI 9. (10 pts) What is wrong with the following code? Give two effective ways to fix it. 1 import javax.swing.; 2 import java.awt.event.; 3 4 public class H2ClassJ extends JFrame { 5 public static final long serialVersionUID = 22; 6 7 public H2ClassJ () { 8 addMouseListener (new MouseListener () { 9 public void mouseClicked (MouseEvent e) {} 10 }); 11 } // end constructor 12 13 } // end class H2ClassJ 10. (10 pts) Why does the following code give a compiler warning? (Use javac -Xlint) How should it be fixed? 1 import javax.swing.*; 2 3 public class H2ClassK { 4 String [] sa = {"a", "b", "c"}; 5 JComboBox jcbA = new JComboBox (sa); 6 } // end class H2ClassK

Paper For Above instruction

The Unified Modeling Language (UML) is a standardized modeling language used in software engineering to visualize the design of systems. The UML standard defines several types of diagrams, each serving a specific purpose in representing different aspects of system architecture and behavior. An understanding of these diagrams is essential for developers and analysts to communicate effectively about system design and implementation.

Diagrams Defined in the UML Standard

The primary diagram types in UML include:

• Class Diagram: Illustrates the static structure of a system by showing its classes, attributes, operations, and relationships such as inheritance, associations, and dependencies.
• Use Case Diagram: Represents the functional requirements of a system by depicting actors and their interactions with the system's use cases.
• Sequence Diagram: Models the interaction between objects over time, emphasizing the sequence of messages exchanged during a particular use case.
• Activity Diagram: Shows the workflow or business process, representing activities, decision points, and parallel flows.
• State Machine Diagram: Describes the states an object can be in and the transitions caused by events, useful for modeling dynamic behavior.
• Deployment Diagram: Depicts the physical deployment of artifacts on nodes, such as hardware devices and network configurations.
• Component Diagram: Represents components and their dependencies, focusing on the modular structure of the system.
• Object Diagram: Illustrates a snapshot of instances in a system at a specific point in time, useful for depicting object relationships.

Writing toString Methods in Related Classes

For the provided Java code involving classes H2ClassA and H2ClassB, the goal is to override the toString methods to produce a meaningful string representation of their objects. The toString in H2ClassA should iterate through its list of H2ClassB objects, calling each H2ClassB object's toString method, which can be controlled in H2ClassB directly. For example, H2ClassB can implement the toString method as "H2ClassB: " + x.

Correspondingly, H2ClassA's toString might iterate over the list and concatenate each H2ClassB string, possibly with delimiters or formatting for clarity. This design leverages the natural toString method in H2ClassB to simplify string construction and produce readable output.

Code Corrections and Best Practices

Several code snippets are provided requiring corrections. For H2ClassC and H2ClassD, correct invocation of constructors and inheritance is crucial. For instance, H2ClassD must call the superclass constructor explicitly if no default constructor exists. Additionally, the constructor in H2ClassE should invoke another constructor using this() syntax correctly, located as the first statement, which is missing or misused here.

The declaration public static final int myNumber = 17.36; is invalid because float/double literals cannot be assigned to int variables directly; explicit casting or correct data types should be used. For example, use double myNumber = 17.36; instead.

When handling final fields such as in H2ClassG, they must be initialized either at declaration or in the constructor. An uninitialized final variable causes a compilation error. Similarly, the method H2ClassH is invalid because constructors do not have a return type, but here, it seems to be used as a method with return statements, which is improper; it should be a constructor without return type or a regular method with a different name.

In H2ClassI, final variables must be assigned a value upon declaration or within every constructor. Assigning h.x = 24; directly is invalid because x is final and not initialized at declaration. Using constructor initialization or immediate assignment is necessary.

The class H2ClassJ shows an anonymous inner class implementing MouseListener. To fix potential issues, ensure all methods of the interface are implemented, or opt for MouseAdapter, which reduces boilerplate.

For H2ClassK, the warning likely relates to raw types or unchecked conversions with JComboBox. Specifying the generic type parameter as JComboBox<String> avoids warnings, ensuring type safety.

Conclusion

In conclusion, UML diagrams are vital tools in system modeling, each serving distinct roles in capturing static and dynamic perspectives. Correct Java code practices, especially regarding constructors, final variables, and type safety, are essential for robust software development. Proper understanding and application of these principles lead to more maintainable and error-free code.

References

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