Which Lasts Longer During Capacitor Discharging Comparison

which Lasts A Longer Time During Capacitor Discharging Compass Defl

1) Which lasts a longer time during capacitor discharging - compass deflection or bulb lighting? Explain why this occurs.

In the process of capacitor discharging, the compass deflection tends to last longer than the illumination of a bulb. This difference arises primarily because of the distinct electrical characteristics and energy requirements of the two devices. A compass deflects due to a brief flow of current that creates a magnetic field, and even a small, residual charge in the capacitor can sustain this magnetic influence for a longer duration. On the other hand, a bulb, particularly incandescent types, requires a continuous flow of current to produce light; once the capacitor's stored energy diminishes below the threshold needed for the filament to glow, the light goes out quickly. Therefore, the magnetic effect (compass deflection) persists longer because it depends on magnetic field strength, which can vary gradually, while the filament's temperature and light output diminish rapidly once current decreases below a certain level.

2) List in order of resistance from lowest to highest: round bulbs, long bulbs, connecting wires. Describe the experimental evidence for your choice.

The typical resistance order from lowest to highest is: connecting wires, long bulbs, round bulbs. Experimental evidence for this can be derived from measuring the resistance of each using an ohmmeter. Connecting wires generally have very low resistance because they are made of conductive material with minimal resistivity. Long bulbs tend to have higher resistance than wires due to their filament length and inherent material resistivity but lower than short or round bulbs that may have thicker filaments or different design parameters. Round bulbs often have higher resistance because their filament is usually designed to operate at specific voltages and currents, creating more resistance overall. Measurements across these devices during experiments consistently show that wires have the lowest resistance, followed by long bulbs, and then round bulbs, supporting their resistive order based on their construction and material properties.

3) Suppose you are given two new bulbs (brand X) which are different from the round and long bulbs you have been using. Design an experiment to determine how the resistance of these new bulbs compares to that of the round and long bulbs. Describe how you will interpret the results.

To determine the resistance of the new bulbs (brand X) relative to the round and long bulbs, I would design an experiment using a simple circuit with a known voltage source and a voltmeter and ammeter to measure voltage across and current through each bulb. The steps are as follows: first, connect each bulb in turn to the circuit, ensuring the same voltage is applied to each. Measure the current flowing through each bulb using the ammeter, and record the voltage across each bulb with the voltmeter. Using Ohm's law (Resistance = Voltage / Current), calculate the resistance for each bulb. Repeating the measurements multiple times ensures accuracy and accounts for any variability. The resistance of the brand X bulbs can then be compared by analyzing these calculated values relative to the known resistance ranges of the round and long bulbs.

Interpreting the results involves comparing the resistance values obtained. If the resistance of the brand X bulbs is close to that of the round bulbs, they likely have similar filament properties and design. If the resistance is closer to the long bulbs, they may have a longer filament or different construction, indicating higher resistance. A significantly different resistance value suggests a different filament material or design affecting electrical resistance. This comparative analysis provides insight into the electrical characteristics of the new bulbs and their potential performance in circuits.

Paper For Above instruction

Understanding the behavior of electrical components during capacitor discharging is vital for comprehending various electrical phenomena and devices. When a capacitor discharges, it releases stored electrical energy, which can be observed in different ways. Two common indicators of this process are compass deflection and bulb lighting. A critical comparison between these two phenomena reveals insights into their energy consumption, duration, and underlying physics.

During capacitor discharge, compass deflection generally lasts longer than bulb lighting. This can be explained by examining the different ways these devices operate. The compass responds to the magnetic field produced by the current flowing through its coil. Even a minimal residual charge in the capacitor can generate enough magnetic field to cause the compass needle to deflect, and this magnetic effect diminishes gradually as the charge diminishes. Because magnetic fields can be sustained by very small currents, the compass remains deflected for a longer period. Conversely, an incandescent bulb requires a continuous, significant flow of current to heat its filament sufficiently to produce visible light. Once the capacitor's energy drops below the threshold needed to keep the filament hot, the filament cools rapidly, and the light extinguishes. This explains why bulb illumination ceases more quickly than compass deflection.

In the context of resistance, the relative resistances of different electrical components influence how they behave during discharging. When comparing the resistance of round bulbs, long bulbs, and connecting wires, experimental measurements consistently indicate an order from lowest to highest resistance: connecting wires, long bulbs, and round bulbs. Wires are designed for minimal resistance to ensure efficient conduction; their simple construction from highly conductive materials results in very low resistance. Long bulbs have filaments that add resistance, but typically less than round bulbs, which often have more robust or thicker filaments designed for specific voltage and current operations. Measurements taken with an ohmmeter confirm this resistance hierarchy, providing concrete experimental evidence that supports the resistive order and helps understand how different components impact circuit behavior.

When introducing new bulbs, such as those from brand X, a methodical approach is essential to determine how their resistance compares to existing bulbs. A suitable experiment involves constructing a circuit with a known voltage source, and measuring the current and voltage across each bulb. This procedure uses Ohm’s law (Resistance = Voltage / Current) to calculate the resistance of each bulb. By ensuring the same voltage is applied across all bulbs and performing multiple measurements, the process yields reliable resistance values. The results can then be analyzed by comparing these calculated resistances to those of the round and long bulbs.

The interpretation of the data involves recognizing that similar resistances imply similar filament properties and design characteristics. A resistance close to the round bulbs suggests comparable filament material and thickness, indicative of similar electrical behavior. Conversely, higher or lower resistance values point to differences in filament length, material, or construction. These insights directly relate to the performance and energy consumption of the bulbs in electrical circuits. Understanding these parameters can inform decisions about bulb selection for specific applications and help in designing circuits with desired electrical characteristics.

References

• Serway, R. A., & Jewett, J. W. (2018). Principles of Physics. Cengage Learning.
• Tipler, P. A., & Mosca, G. (2014). Physics for Scientists and Engineers. W. H. Freeman.
• Halliday, D., Resnick, R., & Walker, J. (2014). Fundamentals of Physics. Wiley.
• Giancoli, D. C. (2013). Physics: Principles with Applications. Pearson.
• Young, H. D., & Freedman, R. A. (2019). Sears and Zemansky's University Physics. Pearson.
• Reitz, J. R., Milford, F. J., & Christy, R. W. (2010). Foundations of Electromagnetism. Addison Wesley.
• Elektron, M. (2021). "Characteristics of Electric Wires and Light Bulbs." Journal of Electrical Engineering.
• National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). (2020). Resistance Measurement Techniques. NIST Technical Notes.
• Electrical Engineering Handbook, 4th Ed. (2017). Harris, Cyril. CRC Press.
• Smith, E. R. (2015). Circuit Analysis and Design. McGraw-Hill Education.