A Production Process Has Been Defined As Part Of An Industry
A Production Process Has Been Defined As Part Of An Indus
Question 31 A Production Process Has Been Defined As Part Of An Indus Question 31 A Production Process Has Been Defined As Part Of An Indus QUESTION . A production process has been defined as part of an industrial equipment manufacturing project. The process is intended to produce steel bolts with a length of 20 cm. The control limits are 19.955cm and 20.045cm. The measurements made at the end of the process yielded the following results: 20.033cm, 19.982cm, 19,995cm, 20.006cm, 19.970cm, 19.968cm, 19.963cm, 19.958cm, 19.962cm, 19.979cm, 19.959cm. What should be done? The process is under control. It should not be adjusted. A special cause should be investigated, the process should be adjusted. The control limits should be adjusted. The measuring equipment should be recalibrated. QUESTION . In order to speed up a project, you made a decision to fast-track a phase currently performed with five team members, and another one which was planned to begin in four weeks time with another five team members. Which of the following activities should you do first? Make sure that all exit criteria of the consecutive phase have been met to ensure the flow of communications in a team situation which is more complex by a factor of 2. Make sure that all entry criteria of the previous phase have been met by planning and performing a phase gate meeting to assess technical aptness. Make sure that all exit criteria of the previous phase have been met by planning and performing a phase gate meeting to assess technical performance. Restructure your team and delegate tasks in order to ensure the flow of communications in a team with the number of communication channels increased by a factor of 4.5. QUESTION . With your team you are using judgment from subject matter experts to identify and analyze project risks. There is a small number of experts available, but some of them have long been in a teacher-student or manager-assistant relationship. Which of the following techniques can ensure best that there is no dominating opinion during an expert review? Peer review SWOT analysis Delphi technique Monetary value calculation QUESTION . A project management team wants to procure some customized products which are available in identical grade and quality from many vendors. What should be included in the procurement package to ensure that their offers will be comparable? A statement of work describing the needs of the project in sufficient detail to enable vendors to make suitable proposals A statement of work specifying attributes and metrics of the requested deliverables in detail to allow vendors submission of bids The approved project scope statement, the WBS which should be broken down to work package level and the WBS dictionary The risk management plan and the reports from those risk management reviews which have been made so far QUESTION . You are performing a project management audit in your company and find that most of the project plans are neither consistent nor up-to-date. Which of the following statements is not true? Projects should never be executed without a valid, updated and working project management plan. The consistency of the project management plan is secondary because it is only the results that matter. A great deal of effort is required to develop and update a project plan, but the benefits include less pressure on all stakeholders and a resulting product that will satisfy the requirements. Poor planning and insufficient updating of project management plans are common reasons for cost and time overruns. QUESTION . Activity 1 has a duration of 20 days, activity 2 of 10 days, activity 3 of 5 days and activity 4 of 6 days. What is the minimum total duration between the milestones A and B? 36 days 37 days 39 days 42 days QUESTION . Which statement describes best why you should document assumptions? Assumptions might prove to be wrong. Knowing which assumptions were incorrect allows baseline adjustments in case of project crisis. Assumption analysis is a valuable tool and technique to explore the validity of assumptions during risk identification. Assumptions limit the project management team's options for decision making because they can not be controlled by the team. In case of schedule or budget overruns, the documentation of assumptions supports a clear assignment of responsibility. QUESTION . Which statement on conflicts is true? Conflict resolution should focus on people, not issues. Conflict is natural and forces a search for alternatives. Conflict should always be handled in private and not in the team. Too much openness is a common cause of conflict. QUESTION . What does the acronym RACI commonly stand for in project management? Responsible, Accountable, to be Consulted, to be Informed Remote, Attached, Connected, Integrated Risk Analysis and Caution Initiative Randomly Accessible Cashflow Information QUESTION . What is true for prototypes? Prototyping causes significant costs and should be avoided wherever possible. They are tangible and allow for early feedback on requirements by stakeholders. Prototypes are mostly developed toward the end of a design or build phase. Prototypes increase the risk of misunderstandings between developers and users. QUESTION . Which of the following is true regarding the code of accounts? It allows one to easily identify the breakdown level of the item in the resource structure. It describes the coding structure used by the performing organization to report financial information in its general ledger. It is the collection of unique identifiers generally assigned to WBS items. It defines ethical behavior in the project and the responsibilities to the customer and the profession. QUESTION . During a company event, you had the opportunity to talk to a colleague project manager. He told you that in his current project actual costs are 15% under cumulated costs budgeted for today. What do you think? The information given to you by the colleague is not sufficient to assess project performance. The project will probably be completed with total costs remaining under budget until the end. A significant cost increase during the further course of the project will probably bring the costs back to baseline level. Original cost forecasting and budgeting for the project must have been poor to allow this variance. QUESTION . An output of the process Estimate activity resources is a document called "activity resource requirements". It identifies the types and quantities of resources... ...while the term resources is limited to equipment and materials. ...required for each activity in a work package. ...while the term resources is limited to human resources. ...to be obtained solely from the performing organization. QUESTION . Which of the following statements describes best the relationship of quality and grade? Low grade is always a problem; low quality may be overcome by a good rework and repair process. Grade is a category or rank given to entities having different functional requirements but the same need for quality. Both quality and grade can often be improved through intelligent measuring, testing and examining. Low quality is always a problem as it bears on the ability of an item to meet requirements; low grade may sometimes be acceptable. QUESTION . Network templates which contain only portions of a network are often referred to as Sub-networks or fragment networks Subprojects Programs WBS items
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The evaluation of a production process, particularly within an industrial equipment manufacturing context, requires careful analysis of control mechanisms, process stability, and measurement accuracy. The scenario described involves measuring steel bolts with specified control limits and identifying whether the process is under control. In this case, the process produces bolts with a target length of 20 cm, and the control limits are narrowly set at 19.955 cm and 20.045 cm. The measurements taken across multiple samples are closely clustered around the target, with values such as 20.033, 19.982, 19.995, and so forth. Given the small variability and the fact that all data points fall within the control limits, the process is statistically under control. Therefore, the correct action here is to recognize that the process is stable, and no immediate adjustments are necessary unless there is evidence of special cause variation. This underscores the importance of continuous monitoring and understanding control limits to prevent unnecessary adjustments that can disrupt a stable process.
In project management, the concept of fast-tracking involves overlapping phases to accelerate project timelines. When considering which activity to prioritize first upon deciding to fast-track, it is essential to ensure that the previous phase's criteria are adequately met to maintain project integrity and communications. The best initial activity is to verify that all exit criteria of the previous phase have been satisfied through a formal phase gate review, aimed at assessing technical performance. This ensures that all deliverables and benchmarks are achieved before moving forward, preventing rework and ensuring smooth transition between phases (PMI, 2017).
Risk management through expert judgment is vital, especially when experts have pre-existing relationships that might influence their opinions. To minimize the risk of dominance by certain individuals, techniques such as the Delphi method are highly effective. The Delphi technique involves anonymized rounds of questionnaires, allowing experts to provide input independently, with aggregation of responses helping to identify consensus without peer pressure or authority influence. Consequently, it promotes unbiased and balanced feedback, critical in collecting reliable risk assessments (Hallowell et al., 2019).
Procurement packages designed for competition among multiple vendors offering similar quality products should contain sufficiently detailed statements of work (SOW). An SOW that clearly delineates the project needs and specifies attributes and metrics of deliverables enables vendors to prepare comparable bids. This clarity ensures that proposals are based on consistent criteria, making evaluation more straightforward and fair. Including comprehensive scope documents, work breakdown structures (WBS), and metrics supports vendor transparency and comparability (Kerzner, 2018).
The accuracy and currency of project plans are crucial for successful project execution. A common misconception is that the consistency of a project management plan is secondary; however, this is false. Accurate, up-to-date plans facilitate stakeholder communication, risk mitigation, and resource management. Outdated or inconsistent plans can lead to misunderstandings, delays, and increased costs. Maintaining current plans is a best practice for overall project health and successful delivery (PMI, 2017).
The minimum total duration of a sequence of activities between two milestones depends on their durations and dependencies. Given the durations—20, 10, 5, and 6 days—the longest path (critical path) should be calculated to determine the minimum project duration. In this scenario, activities that must be sequenced logically sum to a total of approximately 39 days, considering dependencies and parallelization. Thus, the shortest possible duration from milestone A to B is 39 days, assuming sequential dependencies (Cohen & Yu, 2020).
Documenting assumptions in project planning is essential because assumptions may prove incorrect, affecting project outcomes. Proper documentation supports baseline adjustments if assumptions turn out false, thus enabling better management of risks and expectations. Assumption analysis during risk identification helps uncover potential issues early, facilitating proactive mitigation strategies (Levshina, 2020).
Understanding conflicts involves recognizing that they are natural and can serve as catalysts for innovation. Constructive conflict encourages exploration of diverse ideas and alternatives, which is vital for team growth and effective decision-making. While conflicts should be handled appropriately, they are not inherently destructive; instead, they can deliver valuable insights if managed well (Jehn & Mannix, 2001).
The RACI matrix stands for Responsible, Accountable, Consulted, and Informed. It is a tool used in project management to clarify roles and responsibilities for tasks and deliverables, ensuring clear communication and accountability across project teams (PMI, 2017).
Prototypes are tangible models of products or systems that facilitate early stakeholder feedback. They are valuable, especially in complex projects, because they help identify misunderstandings and refine requirements early in the development process. Proper use of prototypes reduces costly revisions later and improves user satisfaction (Binder, 2016).
Regarding the code of accounts, it primarily allows project managers to identify the hierarchical breakdown of project elements and track responsibilities and costs effectively. It is a coding structure used to organize project work and facilitate financial and performance reporting. It is not directly related to ethical standards or general ledger reporting (PMI, 2017).
When actual costs are reported as being 15% under budget at a point in time, it could indicate good cost control or underestimation. However, it is not sufficient alone to predict final project cost performance, as future variances depend on remaining work and unforeseen issues. Continued oversight and forecasting are essential (Kerzner, 2017).
The output of the activity resource estimation process, "activity resource requirements," details the types and quantities of resources needed for each activity in a work package. These resources include human resources, equipment, and materials, all identified to enable accurate planning and procurement (PMI, 2017).
Quality and grade, though related, serve different purposes. Quality refers to the degree to which a product meets specified requirements and standards, while grade categorizes products based on their functional requirements and features. Lower grade products might meet functional needs but deviate in features or performance, which may be acceptable depending on project tolerances (Juran & Godfrey, 1999).
Subnetworks or fragment networks are portions of larger network diagrams, often used in project scheduling to depict specific sections of a project schedule in detail. They are helpful for managing complex projects by breaking down large networks into manageable segments (Davies & Hesch, 2011).