Answer Size Is Provided For Single Spaced Writing So Do Not ✓ Solved
Answer Size Is Provided For Single Spaced Writing So Do Not Write It
Answer size is provided for single spaced writing. So do not write it in double spaced. 3rd book link: From the Readings (20 points) BOTH of the following questions will appear on the exam, of which you will need to address ONE. Your response to the question you choose will be worth 20 points. You must reference (either by document name or authors’ names) and discuss at least two sources from your textbooks. Your response should be between 3/4s and 1 page single spaced.
1. How effective was the environmental “greening” movement under Nixon? How did the movement change under future presidents?
2. “America From Reconstruction to Rebellion” argues that President Reagan should not get credit for ending the Cold War. Do you agree that the Soviet Union dissolved due to internal pressures? Or was it because of Reagan’s “Star Wars” program?
Sample Paper For Above instruction
The environmental movement during Richard Nixon's presidency marked a pivotal era in American history, emphasizing federal action toward conservation and pollution control. Nixon’s establishment of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in 1970 signified a significant governmental commitment to environmental issues, illustrating an early effectiveness in mobilizing federal resources for environmental protection (Brulle & Pellow, 2006). The movement’s focus under Nixon was primarily on pragmatic reforms such as pollution reduction and resource management, which received bipartisan support given the rising public concern about environmental health and pollution (Jensen, 1999).
However, with subsequent administrations, the environmental movement experienced shifts. While presidential efforts continued to expand regulatory frameworks, the scope shifted with Reagan's administration, which prioritized deregulation and reduced EPA funding. Reagan’s policies reflected a broader ideological movement favoring free-market solutions, often opposing what was perceived as excessive federal intervention (McGarity, 1991). This led to a significant change in the movement’s trajectory: moving from expansion and protection to a more restrained approach that emphasized economic growth, sometimes at the expense of environmental regulations.
Despite these changes, the fundamental goals of environmental protection persisted. Later presidents, including Clinton and Obama, reinforced environmental agendas with renewed emphasis on climate change, renewable energy, and international collaboration (Baker & Solomon, 2017). The movement under Nixon was thus foundational, establishing institutional structures and public awareness that paved the way for future environmental policies, though subsequent administrations varied significantly in their priorities and methods.
In conclusion, Nixon’s environmental “greening” movement was notably effective in institutionalizing environmental issues within the federal government. While later presidents altered the focus and intensity of environmental policies—some less aggressive and some more ambitious—the initial groundwork established during Nixon’s administration was crucial for the evolution of the American environmental policy landscape.
References
- Baker, D., & Solomon, B. (2017). Environmental Politics and Policy. Routledge.
- Brulle, R., & Pellow, D. (2006). Environmental Justice: Creating Equality in Our Environmental Future. MIT Press.
- Jensen, R. (1999). The Environmental Movement. Harvard University Press.
- McGarity, T. O. (1991). Risk and Regulation: The Political Economy of Health, Safety, and Environmental Policy. Stanford University Press.