Assignment 2 Mac 1140 Spring 2020 Due April 7, 2021 We Are G

assignment 2mac 1140 Spring 2020 Due April 7 20201 We Are Giv

We are given several polynomial functions and related concepts, including tasks such as determining the degree, analyzing end behavior, applying the Rational Zero Theorem and Descartes' Rule of Signs, calculating specific function values, understanding and applying the Factor Theorem, polynomial division, factoring techniques, and graphing rational functions. The assignment involves both theoretical explanations and practical calculations to deepen understanding of polynomial and rational functions, their zeros, asymptotes, and graph behavior. Specific questions include identifying zeros, multiplicities, and behavior at zeros, as well as solving inequalities involving polynomials and rational functions.

Paper For Above instruction

The assignment provides a comprehensive exploration of polynomial and rational functions, emphasizing core concepts such as polynomial degree, zeros, end behavior, the Rational Zero Theorem, Descartes' Rule of Signs, the Factor Theorem, polynomial division, and graphing techniques. Addressing these topics enables students to develop a deeper understanding of function behavior and the methods used to analyze and graph complex functions in algebra and calculus contexts.

Understanding the Polynomial Functions: Degree, Zeros, and Behavior

The first polynomial examined is p(y) = y⁷ - y⁶ - 11y⁵ + 11y⁴ + 19y³ - 19y² - 9y + 9. The degree of this polynomial is 7, as indicated by the highest exponent of y. The degree gives an initial clue about the number of zeros, which can be real or complex, and whether zeros are distinct. Since it is an odd-degree polynomial, it will extend to positive infinity as y approaches positive infinity, and to negative infinity as y approaches negative infinity, defining its end behavior. Specifically, because the leading coefficient is positive, the polynomial tends to +∞ as y → +∞, and -∞ as y → -∞.

The Rational Zero Theorem and Descartes’ Rule of Signs

The Rational Zero Theorem states that any rational zero of a polynomial with integer coefficients must be a fraction where the numerator divides the constant term, and the denominator divides the leading coefficient. For p(y), potential rational zeros include divisors of 9 over divisors of 1 (since the leading coefficient is 1), giving possible zeros of ±1, ±3, ±9. This theorem narrows the search for rational zeros significantly. Descartes' Rule of Signs helps identify potential positive and negative zeros by counting sign changes in the polynomial and its substitution. In p(y), sign changes suggest possible positive zeros, while substituting y with -y helps estimate negative zeros, providing bounds on their number.

Calculating Function Values and Applying Theorems

Calculations of p(y) at specific points such as y = -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, and -4, 4 reveal how the polynomial behaves at these points, indicating sign changes that imply potential zeros between these values. For example, evaluating p(-3) and p(-2) allows the identification of intervals where the function crosses zero, which is essential for the Intermediate Value Theorem's application.

The Factor Theorem, Polynomial Division, and Factoring

The Factor Theorem states that if p(c) = 0, then (y - c) is a factor of p(y). Applying this, and verification through synthetic division, enables factoring the polynomial into simpler components. For example, once zeros are identified, dividing p(y) by factors like (y + 1) or (y - 3) isolates remaining factors. Long division and synthetic division are systematic methods for polynomial division, crucial for factorization. For instance, dividing p(y) by (y + 3) or (y - 3) confirms these factors, facilitating further factorization.

Zeros, Multiplicity, and Graph Behavior

Zeros can have multiplicities, which influence the graph's behavior at those zeros. A zero with odd multiplicity causes the graph to cross the x-axis, while an even multiplicity causes it to touch and turn around. Analyzing multiplicities, along with the degree and leading coefficient, informs predictions about the shape and turning points of the graph. The maximum number of turning points of a degree 7 polynomial is 6 (degree minus 1). Graphing these functions requires considering intercepts, asymptotes, and multiplicities to accurately depict their behavior.

Analyzing Rational Functions: Domain, Asymptotes, and Holes

Rational functions such as r(y) = (3y³ - 2y² - 3y + 2)/(y² + 4y + 6) require identifying domain restrictions, vertical asymptotes (roots of the denominator), and holes (common factors canceled out). Horizontal asymptotes depend on the degrees of numerator and denominator, with specific limits as y approaches infinity. The graph's symmetry, intercepts, and asymptotes are critical for comprehensive graphing, with additional points selected between intercepts for accuracy. Similarly, slant asymptotes arise when the degree of numerator exceeds that of denominator by exactly one.

Solving Polynomial Inequalities

Polynomial inequalities like y³ - y² - y - 2 > 0 and rational inequalities require solving for y by factoring, analyzing sign changes, and applying the Intermediate Value Theorem. These solutions are expressed in interval notation, indicating regions where the inequality holds. The process involves determining zeros, sign analysis in intervals, and verifying solutions within these intervals.

Conclusion

This assignment integrates theoretical concepts with practical computation, requiring an understanding of polynomial degrees, zeros, end behavior, factoring, synthetic and long division, and graph analysis of polynomial and rational functions. A thorough grasp of these topics is essential for advanced algebra and calculus studies, enabling student proficiency in analyzing complex functions, predicting their graphs, and solving inequalities systematically.

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