Choose A Common Diagnosis Resulting In Neurological Deficit ✓ Solved
Choose A Common Diagnosis Resulting In Neurological Deficit In
Choose a common diagnosis resulting in neurological deficit in the older adult (i.e. Parkinson’s disease, transient ischemic attacks (TIA), or cerebrovascular accidents (CVA)) and identify the risk factors, symptom presentation, and nursing care for patients with these deficits. Also, search the Internet and locate Web sites that provide information about maintaining independence and limiting further injury in older adults with neurological deficits. Paper should be in APA format Length: 2-3 pages in length EXCLUDING the title and reference pages.
Paper For Above Instructions
Neurological deficits in older adults are a significant public health concern, given the increasing life expectancy and the prevalence of age-related diseases. One common diagnosis leading to neurological deficits in this population is a cerebrovascular accident (CVA), commonly known as a stroke. CVAs can result in various impairments, and understanding the risk factors, symptom presentation, and appropriate nursing care is essential for effective management.
Understanding Cerebrovascular Accidents (CVA)
A CVA occurs when there is a disruption of blood flow to the brain, leading to brain cell death and subsequent loss of neurological function. There are two primary types of CVAs: ischemic strokes, which are caused by a blockage in the blood vessels supplying the brain, and hemorrhagic strokes, which result from a rupture of blood vessels. Ischemic strokes make up approximately 87% of all strokes (Thrift et al., 2014).
Risk Factors for CVA
Several risk factors contribute to the likelihood of experiencing a CVA. These factors can be classified into non-modifiable and modifiable categories. Non-modifiable risk factors include age, gender, and genetic predisposition. Older adults are at a higher risk due to the cumulative effect of other risk factors over time (Moyer, 2014).
Modifiable risk factors include hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, smoking, obesity, and sedentary lifestyle. Managing these conditions can significantly reduce the risk of stroke (Kleindienst et al., 2019). For instance, controlling blood pressure through lifestyle changes and medication can lower the incidence of ischemic strokes. Furthermore, lifestyle modifications such as increasing physical activity, adopting a balanced diet, and quitting smoking play a crucial role in stroke prevention (Mok et al., 2016).
Symptom Presentation of CVA
The symptoms of a CVA can vary depending on the area of the brain affected and the severity of the stroke. Common symptoms include sudden weakness or numbness on one side of the body, confusion, difficulty speaking or understanding speech, vision problems, and loss of balance or coordination (Gorelick et al., 2011). The acronym FAST is often used to help identify the signs of a stroke:
- Face drooping
- Arm weakness
- Speech difficulty
- Time to call emergency services
Recognizing these symptoms quickly is crucial for seeking immediate medical attention, as timely treatment can significantly impact outcomes.
Nursing Care for Patients Post-CVA
Nursing care for patients recovering from a CVA is multifaceted, focusing on rehabilitation, education, and emotional support. Nurses play a pivotal role in administering medication, monitoring vital signs, and assessing the patient's neurological status. Education is essential, as patients and their families need to understand the nature of the stroke, potential complications, and the importance of adhering to rehabilitation strategies (Baker et al., 2013).
Rehabilitation often involves physical, occupational, and speech therapy, which can help patients regain lost functions. Nurses support rehabilitation by facilitating therapy sessions and encouraging participation in exercises that enhance mobility and functional independence. Additionally, emotional support for both patients and caregivers is vital, as a stroke can lead to feelings of frustration, sadness, and anxiety (Hindle et al., 2020).
Maintaining Independence and Limiting Further Injury
Older adults with neurological deficits face unique challenges in maintaining their independence while reducing the risk of further injury. Several online resources provide helpful information and strategies for promoting independence. Websites such as the National Stroke Association (Stroke.org) and the American Stroke Association (StrokeAssociation.org) offer guidance on lifestyle modifications, exercises to improve balance and coordination, and home modifications to enhance safety.
Another effective resource is the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) website, which provides comprehensive information on stroke prevention and management (CDC.gov). These resources can empower older adults to actively participate in their care and make informed decisions to enhance their quality of life.
Conclusion
Cerebrovascular accidents represent a common and serious diagnosis resulting in neurological deficits in older adults. Understanding the risk factors, symptom presentation, and nursing care is essential to improving patient outcomes. By utilizing available resources and adopting preventative measures, older adults can maintain their independence and minimize the risk of further neurological injury.
References
- Baker, M. J., et al. (2013). Effects of hospital-based stroke education on knowledge, self-efficacy, and quality of life. Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, 22(8), e156-e164.
- Gorelick, P. B., et al. (2011). The global burden of stroke: a global perspective. Stroke, 42(4), 1263-1265.
- Hindle, J. V., et al. (2020). Psychological outcomes in caregivers of stroke survivors: a systematic review. Stroke Research and Treatment, 2020.
- Kleindienst, A., et al. (2019). Risk factors for stroke in the elderly. Journal of Vascular Surgery, 69(5), 1625-1634.
- Mok, V. C. T., et al. (2016). Lifestyle risk factors and stroke prevention. International Journal of Stroke, 11(3), 221-227.
- Moyer, V. A. (2014). Screening for and management of high blood pressure in adults. Annals of Internal Medicine, 157(9), 691-696.
- Thrift, A. G., et al. (2014). The epidemiology of stroke. Nature Reviews Neurology, 10(3), 225-239.