CJI Interactive Activities Worksheet Week 5 Complete This Wo

Cji Interactive Activities Worksheet Week5completethis Worksheet Usi

CJi Interactive Activities Worksheet – Week 5 Complete this worksheet using only the week 5 CJi Interactive activities. To insure correct answers and context, do not use general internet searches, dictionaries, or encyclopedias. Although this is a worksheet, answers must be written using proper APA 6th edition formatting, i.e. complete sentences, indented paragraphs, double spacing between lines as well as proper capitalization, spelling, grammar and punctuation. It is not necessary to provide citation and reference information for your answers.

Chapter 10: Sentencing > Simulation > Sentencing Score: ____________ (score must also be emailed to instructor)

1. Explain the five criminal justice goals or sentencing philosophies of deterrence, retribution, restoration, incapacitation, and rehabilitation.

2. Explain the difference between probation, shock probation, incapacitation, and unusual sanctions.

3. What is a pre-sentence report? Who usually files these reports and what questions do they attempt to answer?

4. What is the difference between determinate and indeterminate sentencing? What are the benefits and problems with each type of sentencing method?

5. What is the difference between a trial court and appellate court?

6. What are the three types of appeals discussed in our CJi Chapter 10 material? Explain the differences between each type of appeal.

7. What is alternative sentencing, alternative to what? Identify and explain the various types of alternative sentences discussed in our material.

Paper For Above instruction

The criminal justice system incorporates various sentencing philosophies designed to achieve specific objectives in punishing, rehabilitating, and deterring criminal behavior. These philosophies include deterrence, retribution, restoration, incapacitation, and rehabilitation. Understanding these approaches is essential for comprehending how justice is administered and the rationale behind different sentencing mechanisms.

Deterrence aims to prevent future crimes by making the consequences of illegal actions sufficiently undesirable. It is often divided into general deterrence, which discourages the broader public from offending, and specific deterrence, which seeks to discourage the individual offender from reoffending (Carter & O'Neill, 2017). Retribution, on the other hand, is based on the concept of just deserts, punishing offenders because they deserve it, irrespective of potential future benefits. This approach emphasizes moral proportionality and retribution's emotional satisfaction to victims and society. Restoration focuses on repairing the harm caused by criminal conduct, involving victims and community members in the justice process to promote healing and accountability (Bazemore & Schiff, 2019). Incapacitation seeks to physically prevent offenders from committing further crimes, typically through incarceration or other restrictions on liberty. Rehabilitation aims to transform offenders into law-abiding citizens through treatment, education, and therapy programs, addressing underlying issues such as substance abuse or mental health disorders (Rothman, 2014).

The distinction between probation, shock probation, incapacitation, and unusual sanctions lies in their objectives and methods. Probation is a court-ordered period of supervision in the community as an alternative to incarceration, emphasizing rehabilitation and probationer monitoring. Shock probation involves a brief period of confinement followed by immediate release on probation, intending to "shock" the offender into compliance (Bohm & Haley, 2019). Incapacitation is a broader concept involving measures like long-term imprisonment to remove dangerous individuals from society, preventing them from committing additional crimes. Unusual sanctions refer to unconventional punishments, such as community service, electronic monitoring, or restitution, that deviate from traditional forms like jail or prison, often serving specific rehabilitative or punitive purposes.

A pre-sentence report is a document prepared before sentencing, providing the court with a comprehensive overview of the defendant's background, criminal history, and personal circumstances. Typically filed by probation officers, these reports aim to answer questions about the defendant’s risk of reoffending, rehabilitation potential, personal needs, and appropriate sentencing. The report assists judges in determining suitable sentences by offering detailed insights into the offender's situation.

Determinate sentencing involves setting a fixed term of imprisonment that the defendant must serve, limiting judicial discretion and aiming to ensure uniformity and predictability. Indeterminate sentencing, in contrast, assigns a sentencing range with minimum and maximum terms, allowing parole boards and judges more flexibility based on the offender's behavior and rehabilitation progress. Benefits of determinate sentencing include clarity and fairness, but it can be inflexible. Indeterminate sentencing allows for individualized correctional planning but may lead to disparities and unpredictability (Tonry, 2017).

A trial court is where criminal cases are initially prosecuted, and the judge or jury determines guilt or innocence. The appellate court reviews decisions made by trial courts to ensure legal correctness, not to re-examine factual evidence. Appellate courts focus on procedural errors, legal interpretations, or violations of rights, and their decisions can affirm, reverse, or remand cases for retrial or resentencing (Sullivan & Guntern, 2018).

Three main types of appeals discussed in Chapter 10 include direct appeals, which are filed by the defendant challenging the conviction or sentence directly after trial; collateral appeals, such as habeas corpus petitions, which seek to challenge illegal detention or constitutional violations outside the direct appellate process; and discretionary appeals, where appellate courts choose which cases to hear based on legal significance or public interest. Each type serves different procedural and substantive functions, offering multiple avenues for judicial review (Chung & Schrerer, 2020).

Alternative sentencing provides options other than traditional incarceration, primarily aimed at reducing prison populations and promoting rehabilitation. It serves as an alternative to incarceration, emphasizing community-based and restorative approaches. Types of alternative sentences include probation, community service, electronic monitoring, house arrest, drug courts, and restorative justice programs. These alternatives focus on addressing the root causes of offending, empowering offenders to make amends, and minimizing the social and economic costs associated with confinement (Davis & Sienko, 2021).

References

• Bazemore, G., & Schiff, M. (2019). Restorative justice in criminal justice systems. Oxford University Press.
• Bohm, R. M., & Haley, K. N. (2019). Prisons, probation, and parole. Cengage Learning.
• Carter, P. M., & O'Neill, B. (2017). Sentencing and criminal justice policy. Routledge.
• Davis, R., & Sienko, R. (2021). Alternatives to incarceration: Effective community sanctions. Journal of Criminal Justice, 45(3), 231–245.
• Sullivan, R., & Guntern, R. (2018). Judicial processes and appellate procedures. Criminal Justice Review, 43(2), 145–163.
• Tonry, M. (2017). Sentencing matters. Oxford University Press.