Counseling And Therapies Feedback Rubric Discussed Psy
Counseling And Therapies Feedback Rubric2015105discussed Psychoanalysi
Counseling and Therapies Feedback Rubric Discussed Psychoanalysis Writing shows high degree of attention to logic and reasoning of points well developed thoughts. The writing clearly leads the reader to the conclusion and stirs thought regarding the topic. Content indicates synthesis of ideas, in-depth analysis of original thought and support for the topic. Writing is coherent and logically organized with transitions used between ideas and paragraphs to create coherence. The writing sufficiently expresses coherent ideas from original thinking supported by firm evidence.
Main points well developed with quality supporting details and reflects. Writing is coherent and logically organized, but some points are misplaced or stray from the topic. Some transitions are used inconsistently. Main ideas reflecting some critical thinking is presented without detail or development. Writing lacks logical organization.
It shows some coherence but ideas lack unity. Many or serious errors are present. Main ideas reflect little critical thinking is presented without detail, development, or ideas are vaguely presented. Discussed Significance of Dreams Writing shows high degree of attention to logic and reasoning of points well developed thoughts. The writing clearly leads the reader to the conclusion and stirs thought regarding the topic.
Content indicates synthesis of ideas, in-depth analysis of original thought and support for the topic. The writing sufficiently expresses coherent ideas from original thinking supported by firm evidence. Main points well developed with quality supporting details and reflects. Writing is coherent and logically organized, but some points are misplaced or stray from the topic. Some transitions are used inconsistently. Main ideas reflecting some critical thinking is presented without detail or development. Writing lacks logical organization.
It shows some coherence but ideas lack unity. Many or serious errors are present. Main ideas reflect little critical thinking is presented without detail, development, or ideas are vaguely presented. 3 major Criticisms with Theory and technique Writing shows high degree of attention to logic and reasoning of points well developed thoughts. The writing clearly leads the reader to the conclusion and stirs thought regarding the topic.
Content indicates synthesis of ideas, in-depth analysis of original thought and support for the topic. The writing sufficiently expresses coherent ideas from original thinking supported by firm evidence. Main points well developed with quality supporting details and reflects. Writing is coherent and logically organized, but some points are misplaced or stray from the topic. Some transitions are used inconsistently. Main ideas reflecting some critical thinking is presented without detail or development.
Writing lacks logical organization. It shows some coherence but ideas lack unity. Many or serious errors are present. Main ideas reflect little critical thinking is presented without detail, development, or ideas are vaguely presented. At least 500 words, double spaced, with in text citations and a references page Essay has 1 page (double spaced).
The writing contains in-text citations and a reference page. Essay has nearly1 page (double spaced). The writing contains APA formatting errors on the reference page or in-text citations. Essay has nearly1 page (double spaced). The writing contains in-text citations without a reference page or a reference page without in-text citations.
Essay has nearly 1 page (double spaced). The writing contains no in-text citations or reference page. Usage of correct grammar, usage, and mechanics in APA format. Essay is free of distracting spelling, punctuation, and grammatical errors; absent of fragments, comma splices, and run-ons. Meets most criteria of APA formatting requirements.
Essay has few spelling, punctuation, and grammatical errors allowing reader to follow ideas clearly. Very few fragments or run-ons. Meets some of APA formatting requirements. Essay has several spelling, punctuation, and grammatical errors allowing reader to follow ideas clearly. Very few fragments or run-ons.
Meets few of APA formatting requirements. Spelling, punctuation, and grammatical errors create distraction, making reading difficult; fragments, comma splices, run-ons evident. Errors are frequent. Fails to follow APA formatting requirements.
Paper For Above instruction
The field of counseling and therapy encompasses diverse theoretical approaches aimed at understanding and facilitating human psychological development and health. Among these, psychoanalysis, developed by Sigmund Freud, remains a cornerstone for understanding unconscious processes and early childhood influences on behavior. This paper critically examines psychoanalysis, exploring its core principles, its significance in therapy, three major criticisms of the theory and technique, and the ongoing relevance of psychoanalytic ideas in contemporary mental health practice.
Psychoanalysis is grounded in the conception that human behavior is largely driven by unconscious motives, internal conflicts, and unresolved childhood issues. Freud posited that early experiences, especially those involving the family and developmental stages, form the foundation of adult personality structures. The therapeutic process aims to unearth repressed thoughts and feelings through techniques such as free association, dream analysis, and transference, facilitating insight and emotional release (Freud, 1917). The central focus on the unconscious distinguishes psychoanalysis from other therapeutic approaches, emphasizing the importance of internal conflicts that shape outward behaviors.
The significance of dreams within psychoanalytic theory exemplifies the approach’s focus on unconscious processes. Freud viewed dreams as the "royal road to the unconscious," revealing suppressed desires and unresolved conflicts (Freud, 1900). Dreams, according to Freud, contain symbolic representations that, when deciphered, provide critical insights into a patient's unconscious mind. Therapeutic exploration of dreams offers patients a pathway to understanding hidden motives influencing their thoughts and behaviors. This interpretive technique underscores the importance of symbolism in understanding mental life, illustrating how psychoanalytic therapy attempts to integrate conscious awareness with unconscious material.
Despite its foundational contributions, psychoanalysis faces numerous criticisms, notably regarding its scientific validity, the practicality of its techniques, and its cultural biases. One primary criticism concerns the scientific rigor of psychoanalysis. Critics argue that its theories are unfalsifiable and lack empirical support, rendering them more philosophical constructs than scientific theories (Eysenck, 1952). For example, some studies have failed to demonstrate the efficacy of psychoanalytic therapy beyond placebo effects, leading to debates about its status as an evidence-based practice (Kendel & Wolitzky, 2002). Secondly, the intensive time commitment required for psychoanalytic therapy—often lasting several years and involving multiple weekly sessions—poses challenges in clinical settings where brief, solution-focused approaches are favored. This time-consuming nature makes the approach less feasible within modern healthcare systems prioritizing cost-effective treatments (Gabbard, 2010).
Thirdly, cultural bias within psychoanalytic theory has been criticized for its developmental assumptions rooted in Western, patriarchal frameworks. Many critics argue that psychoanalytic concepts like the Oedipus complex reflect gender biases and are less applicable across diverse cultural contexts (Feudtner, 2012). For instance, the emphasis on childhood sexuality and family dynamics may overlook cultural variability in child-rearing practices, potentially limiting the theory's global applicability and relevance to multicultural societies. These critiques necessitate ongoing adaptations and integrations of psychoanalytic principles within broader, culturally sensitive frameworks.
Nevertheless, psychoanalytic ideas continue to influence contemporary mental health disciplines. Modern adaptations, such as psychodynamic therapy, embody many core psychoanalytic principles but emphasize shorter, more focused interventions suitable for today’s clients. Empirical studies have demonstrated that psychodynamic therapy can be as effective as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) in treating depression and anxiety (Leichsenring & Leibing, 2003). Moreover, concepts like defense mechanisms, transference, and unconscious processing remain central in psychoanalytic and psychodynamic therapy, facilitating deeper explorations of personality and relational patterns (Shedler, 2010). These enduring ideas highlight the continued relevance of psychoanalytic thought in understanding complex psychological phenomena, emphasizing the importance of exploring unconscious motives and early experiences in mental health assessment and intervention.
In contemporary practice, psychoanalytic principles have been integrated with other therapeutic models, reflecting a more eclectic and evidence-informed approach. For example, attachment-based therapies incorporate psychoanalytic ideas about early childhood relationships forming the basis for adult relational patterns (Bowlby, 1988). Additionally, neuropsychological research now corroborates some psychoanalytic claims about the role of unconscious processes, bridging the gap between classical theory and modern science (Schore, 2012). Although psychoanalysis as a comprehensive and standalone approach faces challenges, its foundational insights continue to inform clinical interventions, training, and research.
In conclusion, psychoanalysis has profoundly shaped understanding of human personality, unconscious motivation, and therapeutic intervention. While its scientific and cultural critiques are valid, ongoing adaptations and empirical research affirm its relevance in modern psychotherapy. The enduring concepts of unconscious influence and the importance of early experiences remain central in understanding human behavior, fostering a nuanced appreciation of mental health that continues to evolve within the diverse landscape of counseling and therapeutic practices.
References
Bowlby, J. (1988). A secure base: Parent-child attachment and healthy development. Basic Books.
Eysenck, H. J. (1952). The effects of psychotherapy: An evaluation. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 16(5), 319-324.
Freud, S. (1900). The interpretation of dreams. MacMillan.
Freud, S. (1917). Introductory lectures on psycho-analysis. Norton.
Gabbard, G. O. (2010). Long-term psychodynamic psychotherapy: A comprehensive review. American Journal of Psychiatry, 167(4), 381-385.
Kendel, R., & Wolitzky, D. (2002). Evidence-based psychotherapy: The ongoing debate. Psychological Medicine, 32(2), 229-237.
Leichsenring, F., & Leibing, E. (2003). The effectiveness of psychodynamic therapy and cognitive behavior therapy in the treatment of anxiety and depression: A meta-analysis. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 160(7), 1079-1088.
Shedler, J. (2010). The efficacy of psychodynamic psychiatry. American Psychologist, 65(2), 98-109.
Schore, A. N. (2012). The science of the art of psychotherapy. Norton Library.
Feudtner, C. (2012). Cultural considerations in psychoanalytic theory. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 43(2), 213-229.