Evidence Table Study, Citation, Design, Method, Sample Data

Evidence Tablestudy Citationdesignmethodsampledata Collectiondata Anal

Evidence Table Study Citation Design Method Sample Data Collection Data Analysis Validity Reliability

Surgical site infections 2 Annotated Bibliography Magill, S. S., O’Leary, E., Janelle, S. J., Thompson, D. L., Dumyati, G., Nadle, J., ... & Ray, S. M. (2018). Changes in prevalence of health care–associated infections in US Hospitals. New England Journal of Medicine, 379(18), 1732-1744. This study used a survey method across 25 hospitals in 10 states, assessing patients’ medical records on a designated day in 2011 and 2015 to compare the prevalence of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). Data were collected via trained evaluators reviewing medical records, and statistical analysis was used to compare prevalence rates. The study’s validity is supported by its systematic sampling and standardized definitions, though external factors affecting infection control practices may influence reliability.

Zuarez-Easton, S., Zafran, N., Garmi, G., & Salim, R. (2017). Postcesarean wound infection: prevalence, impact, prevention, and management challenges. International Journal of Women's Health, 9, 81-93. This literature review analyzed multiple studies regarding wound infections post-cesarean. Data collection involved reviewing published research, and meta-analytical techniques synthesized findings. The review’s validity hinges on the quality of source data, and the generalizability is high as it encompasses diverse populations and settings.

Chu, K., Maine, R., & Trelles, M. (2015). Cesarean section surgical site infections in sub-Saharan Africa: a multi-country study from Médecins Sans Frontières. World Journal of Surgery, 39(2), 319-324. This prospective observational study examined 1,276 women undergoing cesarean sections in Sierra Leone, Burundi, and the Democratic Republic of Congo. Data collected included patient demographics, operative details, and infection outcomes, analyzed via descriptive statistics and risk factor analysis. Its validity is strengthened by multicenter design, though resource limitations may impact reliability.

Kapadia, B. H., Berg, R. A., Daley, J. A., Fritz, J., Bhave, A., & Mont, M. A. (2016). Periprosthetic joint infection. The Lancet, 387(10016), 386-397. The review discusses various preventive and management strategies for prosthetic joint infections, based on a synthesis of clinical trials, cohort studies, and meta-analyses. Data were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. Validity is supported by incorporation of high-quality studies, while reliability is reflected in consistent findings across multiple research designs.

Weinshel, K., Dramowski, A., Hajdu, A., Jacob, S., Khanal, B., Zoltán, M., ... & Singh, N. (2015). Gap analysis of infection control practices in low-and middle-income countries. Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology, 36(10), 1202-1209. Data were gathered from six international sites through surveys and facility assessments. The analysis identified gaps in infection control practices. The validity depends on accurate self-reporting and site visits, and reliability is supported by consistent findings across diverse settings.

Bischoff, P., Kubilay, N. Z., Allegranzi, B., Egger, M., & Gastmeier, P. (2017). Effect of laminar airflow ventilation on surgical site infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 17(5), 434-444. This study compiled data from numerous databases, including Medline and Embase, reviewing 1,947 records for randomized controlled trials and observational studies comparing laminar airflow with conventional ventilation. Data analysis involved meta-analytical techniques, and validity is supported by strict inclusion criteria. Results suggest limited evidence for laminar airflow’s effectiveness, impacting reliability and practice recommendations.

Paper For Above instruction

Research on surgical site infections (SSIs) encompasses a diverse range of studies, each contributing uniquely to understanding the prevalence, prevention, and control strategies associated with these infections. These investigations, varying in design and methodology, provide vital insights into how healthcare facilities can mitigate the risk of SSIs, which are significant contributors to postoperative morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs.

Magill et al. (2018) conducted a nationwide survey across multiple U.S. hospitals to evaluate trends in healthcare-associated infections, including SSIs. Utilizing a cross-sectional design, the study surveyed medical records of patients on selected days in 2011 and 2015, employing trained evaluators to ensure consistency in data collection. The analysis revealed a reduction in infection rates over this period, reflecting improvements in infection control practices. The study’s validity is reinforced by its standardized definitions and sampling methods, though variations in hospital practices and reporting could affect reliability (Magill et al., 2018). This research underscores the importance of sustained efforts in infection prevention and the need for ongoing surveillance.

Zuarez-Easton et al. (2017) provided a comprehensive review of post-cesarean wound infections, highlighting their prevalence, impact, and prevention challenges. Their synthesis of multiple studies employed a meta-analytical approach, collating data from various settings and populations. The findings emphasize that surgical site infections post-cesarean can lead to considerable physical and emotional distress, as well as increased healthcare costs. The review advocates for the use of effective wound dressings and proper skin closure techniques, such as sutures over staples, to minimize infection risks (Zuarez-Easton et al., 2017). The validity of this review relies on the quality of included studies, and its broad applicability across different healthcare settings enhances reliability.

Chu et al. (2015) conducted a multi-country prospective study within MSF programs in Sierra Leone, Burundi, and the Democratic Republic of Congo to assess SSI prevalence after cesarean sections. With a sample of 1,276 women, this research utilized observational data collection focusing on operative details and postoperative infections. The analysis showed a prevalence rate of 7.3%, with longer hospital stays associated with infection occurrence. Key risk factors identified included premature rupture of membranes and neonatal death. The study recommends stringent perioperative antibiotic use, sterilization, and hygiene practices to reduce SSI incidence. Its validity is supported by prospective data collection, although resource constraints may influence the generalizability of findings across different low-resource settings (Chu et al., 2015).

Addressing prosthetic joint infections, Kapadia et al. (2016) reviewed preventive strategies and management options based on a synthesis of clinical trials and observational studies. The review identified key measures such as skin decontamination, glycemic control, and surgical technique refinement. Their analysis concluded that these strategies could significantly reduce infection rates when properly implemented. The validity of this review is grounded in its inclusion of high-quality evidence, and the consistency across studies provides confidence in these findings (Kapadia et al., 2016). The review emphasizes multifaceted approaches to infection prevention post-arthroplasty, which are critical given the severe consequences of prosthetic joint infections.

Weinshel et al. (2015) performed a gap analysis involving six international sites to identify deficiencies in infection control practices in low- and middle-income countries. Data collection included surveys and on-site assessments, focusing on policies and practices related to infection prevention. The study found notable gaps, such as lack of antibiotic stewardship and inadequate sterilization procedures, which contribute to higher infection rates. Validity is strengthened by cross-site consistency, although self-reported data may introduce bias. Overall, this research underscores that adherence to established infection control guidelines and targeted improvements can substantially reduce healthcare-associated infections globally (Weinshel et al., 2015).

Bischoff et al. (2017) carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate whether laminar airflow ventilation in operating rooms effectively decreases SSIs compared to conventional turbulent airflow. An extensive literature search from multiple databases yielded 1,947 records, including randomized controlled trials and observational studies. The data analysis indicated no substantial evidence supporting laminar airflow’s superiority, thus questioning its cost-effectiveness. The validity of this review relies on rigorous inclusion criteria and comprehensive data synthesis, although heterogeneity among studies was noted. The findings suggest that resources might be better allocated elsewhere, as laminar airflow does not significantly reduce SSI risk (Bischoff et al., 2017). This evidence informs hospital policy and resource allocation decisions regarding operating room ventilation systems.

References

• Magill, S. S., O’Leary, E., Janelle, S. J., Thompson, D. L., Dumyati, G., Nadle, J., ... & Ray, S. M. (2018). Changes in prevalence of health care–associated infections in US Hospitals. New England Journal of Medicine, 379(18), 1732-1744.
• Zuarez-Easton, S., Zafran, N., Garmi, G., & Salim, R. (2017). Postcesarean wound infection: prevalence, impact, prevention, and management challenges. International Journal of Women's Health, 9, 81-93.
• Chu, K., Maine, R., & Trelles, M. (2015). Cesarean section surgical site infections in sub-Saharan Africa: a multi-country study from Médecins Sans Frontières. World Journal of Surgery, 39(2), 319-324.
• Kapadia, B. H., Berg, R. A., Daley, J. A., Fritz, J., Bhave, A., & Mont, M. A. (2016). Periprosthetic joint infection. The Lancet, 387(10016), 386-397.
• Weinshel, K., Dramowski, A., Hajdu, A., Jacob, S., Khanal, B., Zoltán, M., ... & Singh, N. (2015). Gap analysis of infection control practices in low-and middle-income countries. Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology, 36(10), 1202-1209.
• Bischoff, P., Kubilay, N. Z., Allegranzi, B., Egger, M., & Gastmeier, P. (2017). Effect of laminar airflow ventilation on surgical site infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 17(5), 434-444.