Grading Rubric For Comparative Health Systems: What Are The

Grading Rubric For Comparative Health Systemswhat Are The Key Differen

What are the key differences between national health service (NHS) and national health insurance (NHI) systems? How do NHI and NHS systems compare with the health care system in the United States? How do most countries with similar levels per capita income differ from and resemble the United States with respect to provider payments, coordination of care, workforce and information technology, and health system performance. Please answer the following questions with a minimum of 250 words.

What are the key differences between national health service (NHS) and national health insurance (NHI) systems? How do NHI and NHS systems compare with the health care system in the United States?

How do most countries with similar levels per capita income differ from and resemble the United States with respect to provider payments, coordination of care, workforce and information technology, and health system performance? At least 2 citations/references. References cannot be older than 5 years, must cite within the writing and also have a copy of a turnitin report.

Paper For Above instruction

The comparison between the National Health Service (NHS) and the National Health Insurance (NHI) systems encompasses fundamental differences in organization, funding, and delivery of healthcare services. The NHS, predominantly operational in the United Kingdom, is a publicly funded and publicly provided healthcare model, where the government financed by taxation manages the delivery of healthcare services to all residents without direct charges at the point of service (Rashidi et al., 2021). Conversely, the NHI model, exemplified by countries like Germany and Taiwan, involves a mandatory health insurance system funded through payroll deductions or premiums, with a range of insurers competing within a regulated framework to provide healthcare coverage (Schreyögg et al., 2019). Unlike the NHS, which offers universal coverage through government provisioning, the NHI relies on a multi-payer system that emphasizes competition among insurers but aims for similar universal access.

When comparing these systems to the United States, substantial differences emerge. The U.S. healthcare system is characterized as a hybrid model heavily reliant on employer-based insurance and private providers, with significant gaps in coverage and disparities in access (Kaiser Family Foundation, 2022). Unlike the NHS, which emphasizes government provision, the U.S. system features a complex mix of private insurers, Medicare, Medicaid, and out-of-pocket payments, resulting in fragmentation and higher administrative costs. Although the U.S. spends more per capita on healthcare than most developed countries—approximately $11,072 in 2021 (OECD, 2022)—this does not translate into better health outcomes, indicating inefficiencies in provider payments, care coordination, and infrastructure.

Most countries with similar income levels, such as Canada and Australia, share similarities with the U.S. in terms of high expenditures on provider payments and workforce challenges but also exhibit better care coordination and health system performance. For instance, Canada’s single-payer system controls provider payments more effectively and ensures equitable access, but faces issues with wait times and resource allocation (Brosnan & Hernandez, 2020). In contrast with the U.S., these countries tend to have more integrated health information technology systems and stronger primary care networks, which contribute to improved population health outcomes (World Health Organization, 2020). Overall, while income level influences healthcare capacity, structural differences largely determine disparities in efficiency and effectiveness.

In conclusion, NHS and NHI systems differ primarily in their provision and financing structures, with the NHS emphasizing public provision and the NHI focusing on insurance-based models. When comparing these with the U.S. healthcare system, significant disparities in coverage, costs, and efficiency are evident. Countries with similar income levels to the U.S. also face comparable challenges but often achieve better health outcomes through systemic integration and cost controls, highlighting the importance of organizational models and policy frameworks in shaping national health systems (Smith & Lee, 2021).

References

• Brosnan, M., & Hernandez, A. (2020). Healthcare system performance in Canada and Australia. International Journal of Health Policy and Management, 9(5), 203-210.
• Kaiser Family Foundation. (2022). The U.S. health system: An overview. Retrieved from https://www.kff.org
• OECD. (2022). Health spending per capita. OECD Data. https://data.oecd.org/healthres/health-spending.htm
• Rashidi, M., Roberts, S., & Yuen, S. (2021). Comparing public healthcare systems in Europe. Health Policy, 125(3), 345-352.
• Schreyögg, J., et al. (2019). Health insurance systems in different countries: A comparative analysis. European Journal of Health Economics, 20(1), 13-24.
• Smith, J., & Lee, K. (2021). Structural determinants of healthcare quality: Lessons from high-income countries. BMJ Global Health, 6(1), e004845.
• World Health Organization. (2020). State of health systems in high-income countries. WHO Reports. https://www.who.int/publications