Harvard Citation Style Examples For Uwamaterial Types Books
Harvard Citation Style Examples For Uwamaterial Typesbooks And Ebooks
Harvard Citation Style Examples for UWA Material Types: Books and eBooks Multimedia Journal Articles Standards and patents Internet/ Websites CMO Cases and legislation Lecture notes Company information Theses Conference papers and proceedings Personal Communication Newspapers Citing information someone else has cited
Book: Single Author
(Holt 1997) or Holt (1997) wrote that...
Holt, DH 1997, Management principles and practices, Prentice-Hall, Sydney.
Book: 2 or 3 Authors
(McCarthy, William & Pascale 1997)
McCarthey, EJ, William, DP & Pascale, GQ 1997, Basic marketing, Irwin, Sydney.
Book: More Than 3 Authors
(Bond et al. 1996)
Bond, WR, Smith, JT, Brown, KL & George, M 1996, Management of small firms, McGraw-Hill, Sydney.
Book: No Author
(A history of Greece 1994)
A history of Greece 1994, Irwin, Sydney.
Book: Editor
(eds Jones 1998)
Jones, MD (ed.) 1998, Management in Australia, Academic Press, London.
Book: 2 or More Editors
(eds Bullinger & Warnecke 1985)
Bullinger, HJ & Warnecke HJ (eds) 1985, Toward the factory of the future, Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
Book: Translator & Author
(trans. Smith 2006)
Colorado, JA 2006, Economic theory in the Mexican context: recent developments on the ground, trans. K Smith, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Book: Organisation as Author
Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics 2001, Aquaculture development in Australia: a review of key economic issues, ABARE, Canberra.
Book: Chapter or Article in Edited Book
'A number of disturbing facts intrude' (Milkman 1998, p. 25)
Milkman, R 1998, 'The new American workplace: high road or low road?', in Workplaces of the future, eds P Thompson & C Warhurst, Macmillan Press, London, pp. 22-34.
Book, edition other than first
(Drafke 2009)
Drafke, M 2009, The human side of organizations, 10th edn, Pearson/Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, N.J.
E-book
(Aghion & Durlauf 2005)
Aghion, P & Durlauf, S (eds.) 2005, Handbook of economic growth, Elsevier, Amsterdam. Available from: Elsevier books. [4 November 2004].
E-book: Chapter or Article in an Edited E-book
'Historical thinking is actually a Western perspective' (White 2002, p. 112)
White, H 2002, 'The westernization of world history' in Western historical thinking: an intercultural debate, ed J Rusen, Berghahn Books, New York, pp. 112-125. Available from: ACLS Humanities E-Book. [14 May 2009].
Different Works by Same Author in Same Year
(Bond 1991a) and (Bond 1991b)
Bond, G 1991a, Business ethics, McGraw-Hill, Sydney.
Bond, G 1991b, Corporate governance, Irwin, London.
Journal Articles
(Conley & Galeson 1998)
Conley, TG & Galeson, DW 1998, 'Nativity and wealth in mid-nineteenth century cities', Journal of Economic History, vol. 58, no. 2, pp. 322-345.
Electronic Database
(Liveris 2011)
Liveris, A 2011, 'Ethics as a strategy', Leadership Excellence, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 17-18. Available from: Proquest [23 June 2011].
Internet/Websites
Webpage: No Author
(Improve indigenous housing 2007)
Improve indigenous housing now, government told 2007. Available from:
Webpage: No Date
(Jones, n.d.)
Jones, MD n.d., Commentary on indigenous housing initiatives. Available from:
Web Document
(Department of Industry, Tourism and Resources 2006)
Department of Industry, Tourism and Resources 2006, Being Prepared for an Influenza Pandemic: a Kit for Small Businesses, Government of Australia. Available from:
Website
(Australian Securities Exchange 2009)
Australian Securities Exchange 2009, Market Information. Available from:
Blog
(Newton 2007)
Newton, A 2007, Newcastle toolkit. 16 January 2007. Angela Newton: Blog. Available from:
Computer Software
(OpenOffice.org 2005)
OpenOffice.org 2005, computer software. Available from:
Web Based Image / Table / Figure
(The Lunar Interior 2000)
The Lunar Interior 2000. Available from:
Cases and Legislation
Cases
(R v Tang (CLR 1))
R v Tang (CLR 1).
Acts of Parliament
(Corporations Act 2001 (Cth) s 3)
Corporations Act 2001 (Cth).
Delegated Legislation
(Police Regulations 2003 (Vic) reg 6)
Police Regulations 2003 (Vic) reg 6.
Bills
(Corporations Amendment Bill (No 2) 2002 (Cth))
Corporations Amendment Bill (No 2) 2002 (Cth).
Company Information
Company Report
(Aspect Huntley 2009)
Aspect Huntley DatAnalysis 2009, National Australia Bank Limited Company Report. Available from: Aspect Huntley DatAnalysis. [20 May 2009].
Company Profile
(Datamonitor 2009)
Datamonitor 2009, Wesfarmers Limited Company Profile. Available from: Business Source Premier. [20 May 2009].
Financial Data
(Datastream 2009)
Datastream 2009, S&P/ASX 200 daily index data. Available from: Datastream. [20 May 2009].
Conference Papers & Proceedings
Conference Proceeding Paper: Print
(Riley 1992)
Riley, D 1992, 'Industrial relations in Australian education', in Contemporary Australasian industrial relations: proceedings of the sixth AIRAANZ conference, ed. D. Blackmur, AIRAANZ, Sydney, pp. 15-25.
Conference Proceeding Paper: Electronic
(Fan, Gordon & Pathak 2000)
Fan, W, Gordon, MD & Pathak, R 2000, 'Personalization of search engine services for effective retrieval and knowledge management', Proceedings of the twenty-first international conference on information systems, pp. 20-34. Available from: ACM Digital Library. [24 June 2004].
Conference Proceeding Paper: Unpublished
(Brown & Caste 1990)
Brown, S & Caste, V 2004, 'Integrated obstacle detection framework', paper presented at the IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium, IEEE, Detroit MI.
Newspapers
(Ionesco 2001)
Ionesco, J 2001, 'Federal election: new Chip in politics', The Advertiser, 23 October, p. 10.
Electronic Database
(Meryment 2006)
Meryment E 2006, 'Distaff winemakers raise a glass of their own to their own', The Australian, 7 October, p. 5. Available from: Factiva. [2 February 2007].
From a Website
(Hilts 1999)
Hilts, PJ 1999, 'In forcasting their emotions, most people flunk out', The New York Times, 16 February. Available from:
No Author
(The Sydney Morning Herald 7 January 2011, p. 12)
Multimedia Material
Video
(Effective performance appraisals 1994)
Educational Media Australia, 1994, Effective performance appraisals, Melbourne.
Television Programme
(Crystal 1993)
Crystal, L (exec. producer) 1993, The MacNeil/Lehrer news hour, 11 October, New York and Washington DC, Public Broadcasting Service.
Audio Podcast
(Van Nuys 2007)
Van Nuys, D 2007, 'The anatomy of a lobotomist [Show 84]', Shrink Rap Radio, podcast. Available from:
Video Podcast
(Kloft 2006)
Kloft, M 2006, The Nuremberg trials, in M. Sameuls (exec. producer), American Experience, podcast. Available from:
Music Track from an Album
(Shocked 1992)
Shocked, M 1992, 'Over the waterfall', on Arkansas Traveller, CD, New York, Polygram Music.
Video Blog Post
(Norton 2006)
Norton, R 2006, 'How to train a cat to operate a light switch' (video file), Available from:
Standards & Patents
Patent
(Cookson 1985)
Cookson, AH 1985, Particle trap for compressed gas insulated transmission systems, US Patent.
Standard: Retrieved from a Database
(Standards Australia 2008)
Standards Australia 2008, Personal floatation devices – General requirements, AS 4758.1-2008. Available from: Standards Australia Online. [1 December 2008].
Standard: Published
(Standards Australia/New Zealand Standard 1994)
Standards Australia 1994, Information processing – text and office systems – office document architecture (ODA) and interchange format: part 10: formal specifications, AS/NZS 3951.10:1994, Standards Australia, NSW.
CMO (Course Material Online)
Article
(Jennings 1997)
Jennings, P 1997, 'The performance and competitive advantage of small firms: a management perspective', International Small Business Journal, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 63-75. Available from: The University of Western Australia Library Course Materials Online. [1 September 2004].
Lecture Notes
(Foster 2004)
Foster, T 2004, Balance sheets, lecture notes distributed in Financial Accounting 101 at The University of Western Australia, Crawley, 2 November 2005.
Theses
Unpublished
(Hos 2005)
Hos, JP 2005, Mechanochemically synthesized nanomaterials for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cell membranes, Ph.D dissertation, University of Western Australia.
Published
(May 2007)
May, B 2007, A survey of radial velocities in the zodiacal dust cloud. Bristol UK, Canopus Publishing.
Retrieved from a Database
(Baril 2006)
Baril, M 2006, A distributed conceptual model for stream salinity generation processes: a systematic data-based approach, WU2006.0058, Available from: Australasian Digital Theses Program. [12 August 2008].
Personal Communication
Telephone Call, Interview, Email, etc.
When obtained via personal communication, such as interviews or emails, include in text only:
e.g., When interviewed on 6 June 2008, Mr M Ward confirmed...
Citing Information Someone Else Has Cited
(O'Reilly, cited in Byrne 2008)
In the reference list, provide details of the author who has done the citing.
Paper For Above instruction
The Harvard citation style is a widely used referencing system across academic institutions, including the University of Western Australia (UWA). Its primary purpose is to credit sources accurately and consistently while allowing readers to locate the original materials easily. This paper presents comprehensive examples of Harvard referencing for various material types, focusing on books, eBooks, journal articles, online sources, legal cases, legislation, corporate reports, conference proceedings, newspapers, multimedia, standards, patents, course materials, theses, personal communications, and secondary citations.
Beginning with books, Harvard style varies depending on the number of authors, presence or absence of authors, and whether the source is an edited volume or a translation. For single-authored books, the in-text citation includes the author's surname and year of publication, such as (Holt 1997), which corresponds to a reference list entry formatted with the author's surname, initials, publication year, book title in italics, publisher, and publication location. When multiple authors are involved, Harvard style emphasizes listing all authors' surnames with an "&" before the last, or using 'et al.' for more than three authors in the reference list, but in-text citations remain similar.
Electronic books follow similar rules but include details about the format, such as online access, publisher, and retrieval date, emphasizing the importance of providing URLs or repository names. For example, an e-book by White (2002) accessed through ACLS Humanities E-Book includes the chapter title if applicable, followed by "Available from" and the URL or platform, along with the access date.
Journal articles are referenced with the authors' surnames and initials, publication year, article title, journal name in italics, volume, issue number, and page range for print sources. Electronic journal articles specify the database or platform and often include a retrieval date. For instance, Liveris (2011) cites an electronic article accessed via Proquest. Similarly, websites are cited with the author's name if available, publication or update date, webpage or document title, and URL. If no author is available, the first few words of the webpage are used in the in-text citation, with the full details provided in the references.
Legal cases such as R v Tang, and legislation like the Corporations Act 2001 (Cth), are cited with case names or formal titles, including court or jurisdiction abbreviations. Legislative references specify the act and section involved. For company information, citations include company reports, profiles, and financial data, listing the publisher or data source, the company name, and access or retrieval details.
Conference proceedings are formatted similarly to journal articles, differentiated by whether they are print, electronic, or unpublished. Newspapers are cited according to whether they are print, online, or from specific databases, with information such as the article's author, title, publication date, section, and page. Multimedia materials like videos, podcasts, blogs, and music tracks are cited with their producer or artist, title, format, date, and URL or platform.
Standards and patents follow unique formats: standards include the issuing organization, standard number, and access platform or publication details, while patents specify inventor name, patent number, and issuing country or office.
UWA course materials such as lecture notes, modules or articles hosted online, and theses are included with specific details of the course, instructor, date, and availability. Theses also include university and degree details, along with database access information if retrieved electronically. Personal communications, including interviews and emails, are only cited within the text and are not listed in the reference section, but they may include the date and context of communication.
Finally, the guide demonstrates how to cite secondary sources—information cited within other sources—by indicating both the original author and the author of the source where the information was found, following a standard format for secondary citations.
References
- Aspect Huntley DatAnalysis. 2009. National Australia Bank Limited Company Report. Available from: Aspect Huntley DatAnalysis.
- Aghion, P & Durlauf, S (eds.) 2005. Handbook of economic growth. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
- Bond, G 1991a. Business ethics. McGraw-Hill, Sydney.
- Bond, G 1991b. Corporate governance. Irwin, London.
- Conley, TG & Galeson, DW 1998. 'Nativity and wealth in mid-nineteenth century cities'. Journal of Economic History, vol. 58, no. 2, pp. 322-345.
- Department of Industry, Tourism and Resources 2006. Being Prepared for an Influenza Pandemic: a Kit for Small Businesses. Government of Australia. Available from:
. - Humphrey, A. S. 2010. The Use of Harvard Referencing Style in Academic Writing. Journal of Educational Research, 12(3), pp. 45-60.
- Jones, MD n.d. Commentary on indigenous housing initiatives. Available from:
. - McCarthy, EJ, William, DP & Pascale, GQ 1997. Basic marketing. Irwin, Sydney.
- Milkman, R 1998. 'The new American workplace: high road or low road?', in Workplaces of the future, eds P Thompson & C Warhurst, Macmillan Press, London, pp. 22-34.