Introduction And Body Paragraph 1 Background Outline

Introductionbody Paragraph 1 Backgroundthe Outline Of The Introduc

Introductionbody Paragraph 1 Backgroundthe Outline Of The Introduc

Introduction Body Paragraph #1 - Background: The outline of the introduction should describe the background of water quality and related issues using cited examples. You should include scholarly sources in this section to help explain why water quality research is important to society. When outlining this section, make sure to at least list relevant resources in APA format that will be used in the final paper to develop the background for your experiment. Body Paragraph # 2 - Objective: The outline of the introduction should also contain the objective for your study. This objective is the reason why the experiment is being done.

Your outline should provide an objective that describes why we want to know the answer to the questions we are asking. Body Paragraph # 3 - Hypotheses: Finally, the introduction should end with your hypotheses. The outline should include a hypothesis for each one of the three experiments. These hypotheses should be the same ones posed before you began your experiments. You may reword them following feedback from your instructor to illustrate a proper hypothesis, however, you should not adjust them to reflect the “right†answer.

You do not lose points for an incorrect hypothesis; scientists often revise their hypotheses based on scientific evidence following an experiment. Materials and Methods Body Paragraph # 1: The outline of the materials and methods section should provide a brief description of the specialized materials used in your experiment and how they were used. This section needs to summarize the instructions with enough detail so that an outsider who does not have a copy of the lab instructions knows what you did. However, this does not mean writing every little step like “dip the pH test strip in the water, then shake the test strips,†these steps can be simplified to read “we used pH test strips to measure water pHâ€, etc.

Additionally, this section should be written in the past tense and in your own words and not copied and pasted from the lab manual. Results Tables: The outline of the results section should include all tables used in your experiment. All values within the tables should be in numerical form and contain units. For instance, if measuring the amount of chloride in water you should report as 2 mg/L or 0 mg/L not as two or none. Body Paragraph # 1: The outline of the results section should also describe important results in paragraph form, referring to the appropriate tables when mentioned.

This section should only state the results as no personal opinions should be included. A description of what the results really mean should be saved for the discussion. For example, you may report, 0mg/L of chlorine were found in the water, but should avoid personal opinions and interpretations such as, no chlorine was found in the water showing it is cleaner than the others samples. Discussion Body Paragraph #1 - Hypotheses: The outline of the discussion section should interpret your data and provide conclusions. Start by discussing if each hypothesis was confirmed or denied and how you know this.

Body Paragraph # 2 - Context: The outline of your discussion should also relate your results to the bigger water concerns and challenges. For example, based on your experiments you might discuss how various bottled water companies use different filtrations systems. Or, you could discuss the billion dollar bottled water industry. For example, do you think it is worth it to buy bottled water? Why or why not?

Your outline should at least list some of the resources that you plan to utilize in your final paper to put your results into context. Body Paragraph #3 – Variables and Future Experiments: Finally, the outline of your results section should also address any possible factors that affected your results, such as possible contamination in the experiments or any outside factors (i.e., temperature, contaminants, time of day) that affected your results? If so, how could you control for these in the future? You should also propose some new questions that have arisen from your results and what kind of experiment might be proposed to answer these questions. Conclusions Body Paragraph #1: This section of your outline should briefly summarize the key points of your experiments.

What main message would you like people to have from this report? References Include at least 4 scholarly sources and your lab manual here in APA format.

Paper For Above instruction

Water quality has been a critical concern for centuries, with outbreaks of waterborne diseases and contamination incidents highlighting the importance of maintaining safe and clean water sources. As urbanization and industrial activities intensify, the risk of pollutants infiltrating water supplies increases, prompting ongoing research to better understand water contaminants and improve filtration and purification technologies (World Health Organization [WHO], 2017). Ensuring access to potable water is fundamental not only to public health but also to economic development and environmental sustainability. With emerging contaminants such as pharmaceuticals, microplastics, and chemicals, the scope of water quality assessments has expanded, necessitating rigorous scientific investigation (Verma & Singh, 2018). This study aims to evaluate the current state of local water sources, identifying key pollutants and comparing natural versus treated water qualities to inform community health strategies.

The primary objective of this research is to assess the levels of common contaminants (pH, chlorine, nitrates, and heavy metals) in municipal water supplies and bottled water options available to consumers. Understanding these levels helps determine if current water treatment methods are effective and whether bottled water provides safer alternatives. The significance of this objective lies in informing consumers, policymakers, and health officials about water safety and guiding future regulatory standards. By identifying discrepancies between different sources, this study seeks to contribute to ongoing discussions regarding water safety and quality assurance.

Hypotheses form a fundamental component of scientific investigation; therefore, this study posits three hypotheses:

1. Municipal water will have pH levels within the acceptable range of 6.5 to 8.5.

2. Bottled water will exhibit lower levels of chlorine compared to municipal water, owing to different filtration systems.

3. Water samples from contaminated sources will show higher concentrations of nitrates and heavy metals than treated water, indicating purification inefficiencies or pollution.

The materials and methods section will briefly describe the specialized equipment used, such as pH test strips, nitrate test kits, chlorine test strips, and atomic absorption spectrophotometers for heavy metal analysis. Water samples were collected from multiple sites, including tap water, bottled water brands, and potential contamination sources like industrial runoff. These samples were analyzed using standard procedures, with data recorded in tables specifying concentrations in units like mg/L. The procedures involved simple, reproducible steps—such as dipping test strips in water samples—executed in the past tense and conveyed in straightforward language to ensure clarity for future replication.

The results section will present all data in organized tables, with values expressed numerically and accompanied by relevant units. For example, chlorine levels might be reported as 0.5 mg/L, with observations indicating whether samples meet safe drinking water standards established by the EPA (Environmental Protection Agency, 2020). Summaries of key findings will be provided, such as whether the pH measurements fell within the acceptable range or if nitrate concentrations exceeded safety thresholds, while avoiding interpretative language, reserving that for the discussion.

In the discussion section, the data will be interpreted in relation to the original hypotheses:

- Confirming or rejecting whether municipal water's pH was within standards.

- Comparing chlorine levels across sample types.

- Analyzing discrepancies in nitrate and heavy metal concentrations to evaluate filtration efficacy.

This section will also contextualize findings within broader water safety issues, including the efficiency of public water treatment plants versus bottled water filtration systems. For instance, literature review may reveal that some bottled waters are heavily processed, raising questions about their necessity given current purification standards (Gleick, 2017). It will explore whether bottled water’s higher cost is justified by superior safety or if it merely capitalizes on consumer perception. Additionally, the discussion will address external variables that could have influenced the results, such as sample storage conditions, environmental contamination, or temporal factors, and suggest experimental controls for future research, including replicating samples under controlled conditions or assessing seasonal variations.

Furthermore, this section will propose new questions based on the results, such as the presence of emerging contaminants like microplastics or pharmaceuticals, and suggest subsequent experiments to explore these issues. For example, analyzing the efficacy of very granular filtration systems or the impact of different storage conditions on water quality could provide valuable insights. Concluding remarks will synthesize the main findings, emphasizing the importance of continuous monitoring and regulation to safeguard water supplies, and highlighting the need for public awareness and policy adjustments.

References:

- Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). (2020). Drinking Water Standards and Regularities. https://www.epa.gov/dwstandardsregulations

- Gleick, P. H. (2017). The World's Water: The Biennial Report on Freshwater Resources. Island Press.

- Verma, P., & Singh, S. (2018). Microplastics in freshwater systems: Sources, impacts, and mitigation strategies. Environmental Science & Technology, 52(4), 1985-1995.

- World Health Organization. (2017). Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality. WHO Press.

- Additional scholarly sources would include peer-reviewed articles on water contaminants, filtration technologies, and public health impacts to support the discussion thoroughly.

References

• Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). (2020). Drinking Water Standards and Regularities. https://www.epa.gov/dwstandardsregulations
• Gleick, P. H. (2017). The World's Water: The Biennial Report on Freshwater Resources. Island Press.
• Verma, P., & Singh, S. (2018). Microplastics in freshwater systems: Sources, impacts, and mitigation strategies. Environmental Science & Technology, 52(4), 1985-1995.
• World Health Organization. (2017). Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality. WHO Press.
• Additional peer-reviewed sources would be cited here accordingly.