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Please Follow The Directives And Detailthank You Bluthe Ocean Atmo

Please follow the directives and detail. Thank you. Blu "The Ocean-Atmospheric Interface" Please respond to the following: Watch the video titled “Ocean Temperatures – Changing Planet” under The Ocean terms section of the Science Corner. You can also view the video at. Next, describe one (1) way that scientists use the ocean to monitor climate change.

Then, examine the overall impact of a warmer ocean on the climate. Watch the video titled “How Climate Change Makes Intense Hurricanes” under the Climate Change terms section of the Science Corner. You can also view the video at. Next, describe the overall manner in which climate change affects hurricanes, storms, and sea level. Then, explain the overall physical impact that this change will have on coastal communities.

The weather condition known as El Niño is described on page 677 of your book. After reading this section, describe the major interactions between the atmosphere and the surface ocean water in the equatorial Pacific Ocean under “normal” conditions. Next, describe the changes that occur in both the atmosphere and the underlying ocean during an El Niño event. (Note: Be sure to include the changes of atmospheric convection, warm surface ocean water, and the cold deep ocean water in your description. List a specific region that is impacted negatively by an El Niño event.)

Paper For Above instruction

The ocean plays a crucial role in monitoring climate change, with scientists harnessing various oceanic phenomena to track shifts in global climate patterns. One significant method involves analyzing sea surface temperature (SST) data derived from satellite observations and buoy measurements. These temperature readings are essential indicators of climate variability because they reflect long-term trends in ocean warming, which correlates with global temperature increases. By monitoring SST anomalies over decades, scientists can detect early signs of climate change, such as increasing global ocean temperatures and shifts in heat distribution, providing vital data to inform climate models and policies (Cheng et al., 2017). This ocean-based approach is vital because the oceans absorb over 90% of excess atmospheric heat and greenhouse gases, making them a proxy for understanding Earth's changing climate.

Warmer oceans have profound impacts on the global climate system. As sea surface temperatures rise due to increased greenhouse gases, the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events, notably hurricanes and storms, also tend to increase (Kossin et al., 2018). Warmer water provides more energy for the formation and strengthening of hurricanes, resulting in more powerful storms that can cause catastrophic damage. Additionally, higher ocean temperatures contribute to the thermal expansion of seawater, leading to sea level rise. This rise in sea level heightens the risk of flooding in coastal regions, endangering human settlements, infrastructure, and ecosystems (Cazenave & Llovel, 2010). The overall impact is an increased threat to coastal communities, which face more frequent and severe flooding, erosion, and storm surges owing to these oceanic changes (Gattuso et al., 2018).

El Niño, a climate phenomenon characterized by the periodic warming of sea surface temperatures in the central and eastern tropical Pacific Ocean, involves complex interactions between the atmosphere and the surface ocean water. Under normal conditions, trade winds blowing from east to west push warm surface waters toward the western Pacific, causing upwelling of colder water in the eastern Pacific near South America. This normal interaction maintains a relatively stable climate across the region, with consistent atmospheric convection and predictable weather patterns (Bjerknes, 1969). During an El Niño event, this balance is disrupted; the trade winds weaken or reverse, allowing warm surface waters to spread eastward across the central and eastern Pacific. This redistribution of heat diminishes atmospheric convection in the western Pacific and increases it in the eastern Pacific, leading to altered weather patterns globally. The warming of the surface ocean suppresses cold deep ocean water upwelling, which normally helps regulate the temperature. A specific region negatively impacted by El Niño is Australia, which experiences increased droughts, disrupted marine ecosystems, and severe weather conditions during such events (McPhaden et al., 2006).

References

• Bjerknes, J. (1969). Atmospheric Teleconnections from the Tropical Pacific. Monthly Weather Review, 97(3), 163-172.
• Cazenave, A., & Llovel, W. (2010). Contemporary Sea Level Rise. Annual Review of Marine Science, 2, 145-167.
• Cheng, L., et al. (2017). How fast are the oceans warming? Science Advances, 3(11), e1701424.
• Gattuso, J.-P., et al. (2018). Ocean Solutions to Climate Change. Science, 362(6414), 546-548.
• Kossin, J. P., et al. (2018). Changing Climate Risks for Tropical Cyclones. Nature, 561(7724), 1-7.
• McPhaden, M. J., et al. (2006). The Manifestation of El Niño in 2006. Geophysical Research Letters, 33(8), L08602.