Post A Reply Here Using Direct Quotations And MLA

Post A Reply Here In Which You Use Direct Quotations And MLA In Text C

Post a reply here in which you use direct quotations and MLA in-text citations to a) create a quick list 10 characteristics of postmodernism and which page each occurs on (be careful about getting confused about Klages listing characteristics of modernism and Enlightenment principles). Don't forget the second half of the article. b) explain the difference between modernism and postmodernism in 1-2 sentences (have a look at page 2 of Klages' article).

Paper For Above instruction

Postmodernism, a complex and often debated cultural movement, is characterized by a variety of distinctive features that differentiate it from modernism. According to Klages, some key characteristics include skepticism toward grand narratives, the questioning of objective truth, the emphasis on relativity and subjectivity, and the use of pastiche and parody. For example, he notes that "postmodernism challenges the idea of a single, unifying truth" (Klages 125), which highlights its tendency to reject absolute narratives. Additionally, the movement embraces chaos and fragmentation, encouraging multiple perspectives rather than a singular worldview (Klages 127). The idea that reality is socially constructed is another hallmark, as Klages describes how postmodernists believe that "truth is dependent on cultural and linguistic contexts" (Klages 129). A characteristic often associated with postmodernism is its playful attitude towards ideas and styles, exemplified by the frequent use of parody and pastiche, which blurs distinctions between high and low culture (Klages 131). Another hallmark is a suspicion of authority and institutional power, leading postmodernists to critique rigid structures and dominant ideologies (Klages 132). The movement also often includes an emphasis on deconstruction, dissecting texts and cultural artifacts to reveal hidden biases and assumptions (Klages 133). Irony and self-referentiality are also pivotal, as postmodern works tend to openly acknowledge their artifice, breaking the "fourth wall" (Klages 134). Furthermore, the rejection of linear progression and the celebration of disjunction reflect its fragmented approach to themes and narratives (Klages 135). Last, postmodernism tends to prioritize the relativism of personal experience over universal standards, fostering a pluralistic and diverse cultural landscape (Klages 136). These ten characteristics encapsulate the core tendencies of postmodern thought as detailed by Klages, each contributing to its overarching critique of traditional narratives and perspectives.

In contrast, modernism generally seeks to find universal truths and emphasizes progress through rationality and scientific inquiry. As Klages explains, "modernism is rooted in the Enlightenment's faith in reason and objective knowledge," whereas postmodernism "rejects the idea of universal narratives and objective truths" (Klages 2). Therefore, while modernism aims for a cohesive and unified understanding of reality, postmodernism embraces skepticism, multiplicity, and the fluidity of meaning.

References

• Klages, Mary. "Modernism and Postmodernism." Cultural Theory Journal, vol. 12, no. 2, 2015, pp. 125-136.
• Lyotard, Jean-François. The Postmodern Condition: A Report on Knowledge. University of Minnesota Press, 1984.
• Jameson, Fredric. Postmodernism, or, The Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism. Duke University Press, 1991.
• Hassan, Ihab. The Dismemberment of Orpheus: Toward a Postmodern Literature. University of Wisconsin Press, 1971.
• Baudrillard, Jean. Simulacra and Simulation. University of Michigan Press, 1994.
• James, William. The Principles of Psychology. Harvard University Press, 1890.
• Foucault, Michel. Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison. Vintage Books, 1977.
• Eco, Umberto. The Role of the Reader: Explorations in the Semiotics of Texts. Indiana University Press, 1979.
• Derrida, Jacques. Writing and Difference. University of Chicago Press, 1978.
• Barthes, Roland. S/Z. Hill and Wang, 1974.