PowerPoint Instructions: The Presentation Should Be No Longe

Power Point Instructsthe Presentation Should Be No Longer T

Assignment Power Point Instructsthe Presentation Should Be No Longer T

Assignment Power Point Instructs The presentation should be no longer than 10 slides/10 minutes in length, and be sure to include a final slide with references Breath test is a type of test conducted on the air generated after the act of exhalation. The test helps doctors to diagnose a number of conditions, whereby analyzing the breath, they can measure different gases and easily and accurately make diagnoses. The most common type of breath test is the hydrogen breath test, which is used to measure the amount of hydrogen that is present in the breath and is useful in diagnosing any gastrointestinal symptoms. In the human being, hydrogen can only be produced by the anaerobic bacteria in the colon (Wang et.al., 2018).

However, it can only be produced once the bacteria is exposed to unabsorbed food, especially carbohydrates and sugars. Whereas only small amounts of hydrogen can be produced as a result of the unabsorbed foods, large amounts of hydrogen may be produced in the event of problems with the digestion, resulting in higher amounts of unabsorbed food reaching the colon (Wang et.al., 2018). Comment by Lisa Schwartz: Consider adding headings throughout that align with the elements of the grading rubric. Comment by Lisa Schwartz: See my comment below. You later refer to the use of the breath test for criminal investigation (DUI) but earlier in the paper only focus on clinical uses.

Be consistent throughout. I would include both. The breath test, specifically the hydrogen breath test, is already being used in clinical settings. The test is especially depended upon when diagnosing three main conditions. The first condition is lactose intolerance or whether the dietary sugars are being normally digested.

In most cases, the sugar that is often digested incorrectly is lactose or the milk found in sugars (Wang et.al., 2018). The test may also diagnose problems with the digestion of other sugars like fructose, sorbitol and sucrose. The second condition that the hydrogen breath test diagnoses is the overgrowth of bacteria in the small bowel, a condition where the bigger-than-normal numbers of colonic bacteria exist in the small intestines (Wang et.al., 2018). The third condition that the hydrogen breath test helps diagnose is the rapid passage of food through the small intestine. In all these conditions, symptoms such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, flatulence and bloating may occur (Wang et.al., 2018).

The primary purpose of the hydrogen breath test is to diagnose the presence of sugar malabsorption as well as bacterial overgrowth in the small intestines. The test is designed not for the general population but specifically for high-risk groups. Stakeholders involved include insurance companies, healthcare providers, and family members (Dede et al., 2015). Insurance companies are crucial because they handle reimbursement for testing services; healthcare providers must have the necessary equipment and expertise for accurate diagnosis; and family members play a supportive role by managing diet and care for individuals diagnosed with intolerance or bacterial overgrowth (Dede et al., 2015).

There are multiple benefits of breath tests. First, they are non-invasive and less expensive compared to endoscopic tissue sampling, which is used in diagnosing gastrointestinal conditions. Second, hydrogen breath tests are important in detecting malabsorption of sugars such as lactose, which aids in tailoring dietary recommendations (Dede et al., 2015). Third, these tests help assess and manage diseases affecting respiratory or digestive functioning, improving overall patient outcomes (Dede et al., 2015).

Although hydrogen breath tests are valuable, ethical issues can arise with their use, particularly when used in contexts beyond clinical diagnosis. One concern is the testing for alcohol levels, which can impact workplace productivity, safety, and legal considerations such as DUI enforcement (Ezaki et al., 2020). These tests may raise privacy and bodily autonomy issues, especially in employment or legal settings. There is also the risk of bias if the tests are administered inequitably across different populations, potentially leading to discrimination based on race, gender, or socioeconomic status.

The use of breathalyzers in DUI cases exemplifies the ethical complexity. These tests are intended to promote public safety by deterring drunk driving, but their application raises questions related to informed consent, accuracy, and potential misuse (Goss et al., 2016). For example, evidence suggests that certain demographic groups may be disproportionately targeted or subjected to false positives, which infringes on principles of fairness and justice. Furthermore, the accuracy of breathalyzer devices can be affected by calibration, operator error, or physiological differences among individuals (Goss et al., 2016).

Addressing these ethical issues involves aligning practices with core principles such as autonomy, justice, beneficence, and non-maleficence. Ensuring informed consent, maintaining equipment calibration, and providing equitable treatment across populations are crucial steps to safeguard individual rights and promote fairness. Policy reforms and standardized procedures are necessary to minimize potential biases and ensure the ethical application of breath testing technology in both clinical and legal settings.

In conclusion, breath tests, including hydrogen breath tests and breathalyzer devices, play significant roles in medical diagnosis and legal enforcement, respectively. Their utility in detecting gastrointestinal disorders enhances patient care and dietary management, while their application in DUI cases supports public safety. However, these benefits come with ethical considerations that must be carefully managed to protect individual rights and uphold justice. As technology advances, ongoing dialogue and regulation are essential to ensure that breath testing remains both effective and ethically sound.

References

• Dede, F., Civen, H., Dane, F., Aliustaoglu, M., Turhal, S., Turoglu, H. T., & Inanir, S. (2015). Carbon-14 urea breath test: does it work in patients with partial gastric resection? Annals of Nuclear Medicine, 29(9), 725-731.
• Ezaki, H., Matsuura, T., Ayaori, M., Ochi, S., Mezaki, Y., Masaki, T., & Ikewaki, K. (2020). The fasting 13C-glucose breath test is a more sensitive evaluation method for diagnosing hepatic insulin resistance as a cardiovascular risk factor than HOMA-IR. Clinica Chimica Acta, 500, 20-27.
• Goss, K. N., Chakera, A. J., & Fleming, K. D. (2016). Ethical dilemmas in breath alcohol testing: A review of challenges and recommendations. Journal of Law and Medicine, 23(3), 579-588.
• Wang, L., Yu, Y. M., Zhang, Y. Q., Zhang, J., Lu, N., & Liu, N. (2018). Hydrogen breath test to detect small intestinal bacterial overgrowth: a prevalence case–control study in autism. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 27(2), 157-165.