Respond With At Least One Paragraph Of 4-5 Sentences.

Respond With A Minimum Of One Paragraph Of 4 5 Sentences On Two 2 D

Respond With A Minimum Of One Paragraph Of 4 5 Sentences On Two 2 D

Respond with a minimum of one paragraph of 4-5 sentences, on two (2) different days of the week. Your reply post should be specific to this week's topic of epidemiological research methods and should integrate in-text citation(s). Your reply post/s should integrate course content (such as course terminology) related to the study method as well as an integration of in-text citations along with a scholarly voice and APA formatting. The textbook may be utilized as a resource. Hello class, 1.

What is the fundamental difference between the method you have chosen (either the case-control or cohort method) and the randomized controlled trial? My chosen method is the Case-control method. One significant difference is the participant selection. In case control studies, the cases are selected based on if they have a disease and/or outcome of interest. The control group is then selected from the same population but without the disease or outcome, so they can be compared to the case ( Cupp, 2020).

Controls should resemble the case as close as possible. However, since the selection is not random, there may be associations as a result of unknow variables . Whereas randomized studies are selected from a sample and randomly assigned to groups which minimizes bias. The people are divided into groups to compare different treatments or other interventions (Cupp, 2020). 2.

What are the advantages and disadvantages of the study method you chose (case-control or cohort study)? Case control studies are quick and inexpensive. It also enables the researcher to investigate rare diseases with large groups of individuals. However, there are several weaknesses. The case control study looks at past diseases, exposures and outcome (Cupp, 2020).

This can pose a problem with inaccurate or bias information-based participants memories. Additionally, the case control study looks at sometimes rare and sensitive topic which may hinder them from being forthcoming with all information. 3. What are the characteristics of a correlational study? Correlational studies are used to conduct studies of aggregate or population characteristics.

There are three main characteristics that exist in correlation research, non-experimental, backward-looking, and dynamic (Dingus, n.d.). non-experimental -means the research does not need a hypothesis, controls or conditions backward-looking - means the researcher is only using history or something that has already happened to determine if there is or is not a correlation dynamic - means that whatever is determined is always subject to change (Dingus, n.d.). 4. Where does the method you chose (case-control or cohort study) fall on the research pyramid? What does where it is on the research pyramid mean? A case-control study is typically in the bottom section which represents an observational study where researchers compare individuals with a specific disease (cases) to individuals without the disease (controls) to identify potential risk factors.

It is positioned below the cohort and randomized studies because it requires a lower level of evidence (Wallace et al., 2022). References Cupp, A.L. (2020). Population-based nursing: Concepts and competencies for advanced practice. (3rd ed.). Springer Publishing Company. Dingus, P. (n.d.).

Correlational research. Overview & Process . to an external site. content/uploads/2022/05/dingus-correlational.pdf Wallace, S. S., Barak, G., Truong, G., & Parker, M. W. (2022). Hierarchy of Evidence Within the Medical Literature. Hospital Pediatrics , 12 (8), 745–750.

Paper For Above instruction

The fundamental distinction between the case-control study method and the randomized controlled trial (RCT) lies in their participant selection processes and the level of control over variables. The case-control study is an observational retrospective design where individuals with a specific disease or outcome (cases) are compared to those without the disease (controls). This method relies on selecting participants based on disease status, making it cost-effective and suitable for studying rare conditions, but it is vulnerable to recall bias and confounding variables due to its non-randomized nature (Cupp, 2020). Conversely, RCTs are experimental studies that randomly assign participants to intervention or control groups, thereby minimizing bias and confounding factors, and allowing for causal inference (Schulz et al., 2010). The randomization process in RCTs ensures that groups are comparable at baseline, which enhances internal validity, whereas case-control studies primarily establish associations rather than causality.

The advantages of case-control studies include their efficiency in terms of time and cost, especially when investigating rare diseases or outcomes, as they require fewer resources and can be completed relatively quickly (Cupp, 2020). Furthermore, they are practical for hypothesis-generating research and in settings where exposure data is difficult to collect prospectively. However, the disadvantages are notable; reliance on participant memory introduces recall bias, and the selection of controls may lead to selection bias if they are not adequately matched to cases (Lash et al., 2009). Additionally, the retrospective nature limits the ability to determine temporal relationships definitively. Despite these limitations, case-control studies are invaluable tools for initial explorations of potential risk factors.

Characteristics of a correlational study include its focus on quantifying the relationship between two or more variables without attempting to establish causality. Key features encompass being non-experimental, backward-looking, and dynamic, which means the study analyzes existing data or historical variables, while recognizing that relationships may evolve over time (Dingus, n.d.). These studies are useful for understanding population trends, identifying potential associations, and generating hypotheses for further research. The non-experimental characteristic emphasizes the absence of manipulation or control over variables, relying instead on observational data. Like other observational designs, correlational studies cannot confirm causal relationships but are important for identifying statistically significant associations that can inform future experimental studies (Levin, 2013).

In the hierarchy of research evidence, the position of a case-control study typically resides towards the lower end, beneath cohort and randomized controlled trials. As an observational design, it provides valuable insights but lacks the methodological rigor to establish causality definitively (Wallace et al., 2022). Its placement reflects a lower level of evidence because of greater susceptibility to bias and confounding factors. This hierarchy guides clinicians and researchers in evaluating the strength and reliability of evidence when making health-related decisions and designing future studies. Understanding where case-control studies fall within this pyramid underscores their role in generating hypotheses and informing public health strategies, despite their limitations compared to higher-tier experimental studies.

References

  • Cupp, A. L. (2020). Population-based nursing: Concepts and competencies for advanced practice (3rd ed.). Springer Publishing Company.
  • Levin, K. A. (2013). Study design III: Cross-sectional studies. Evidence-based Dentistry, 14(1), 24-25.
  • Lash, T. L., Fox, S. B., & Fink, A. K. (2009). Applying quantitative bias analysis to epidemiologic data. Epidemiology, 20(6), 884-890.
  • Schulz, K. F., Altman, D. G., & Moher, D. (2010). CONSORT 2010 Statement: Updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomized trials. PLOS Medicine, 7(3), e1000251.
  • Wallace, S. S., Barak, G., Truong, G., & Parker, M. W. (2022). Hierarchy of Evidence Within the Medical Literature. Hospital Pediatrics, 12(8), 745–750.
  • Dingus, P. (n.d.). Correlational research. Overview & Process. https://content/uploads/2022/05/dingus-correlational.pdf

Related Assignments