The Mythic Portrait Of The Colonized In Colonial Discourse

The Mythic Portrait of the Colonized in Colonial Discourse

In Albert Memmi's seminal essay, "The Mythic Portrait of the Colonized," originally published in 1957 and later included in his book "The Colonizer and the Colonized," the author critically examines the constructed image of the colonized as pervasive in colonial ideology. Memmi argues that this image, or myth, serves to justify the unequal and oppressive relationship between colonizer and colonized, and has profound psychological and societal implications for both parties. This essay delves into the nature of this myth, its underlying mechanisms, and its effects on colonial and post-colonial societies, emphasizing that colonization not only creates the colonized but also sustains and enforces their subordinate image.

Introduction

Colonial discourse is characterized by a set of stereotypes and myths that serve to justify the dominance of colonizers over colonized peoples. These myths are not mere falsehoods but are constructed narratives that form the basis of colonial ideology. Memmi's analysis critically probes into how such myths are fabricated and how they influence perceptions, policies, and behaviors. Understanding the mythic portrait of the colonized is essential to grasp the underlying mechanics of colonialism and its legacies.

The Construction of the Myth

Memmi explains that the myth of the colonized is rooted in stereotypical attributes—laziness, backwardness, weakness, and ingratitude—that are projected onto the colonized as traits inherent to their nature. These attributes are not supported by objective evidence but are convenient constructs that serve the economic and ideological interests of the colonizers. For example, laziness is falsely portrayed as a fundamental characteristic of the colonized, thereby stigmatizing their work ethic and justifying their exploitation as naturally inferior or unmotivated.

The myth is reinforced by the portrayal of the colonizer as virtuous, dynamic, and action-oriented, contrasting sharply with the depiction of the colonized as indolent and passive. Such dichotomies serve to elevate the colonizer's role while demeaning and dehumanizing the colonized, ultimately constructing a narrative that sustains colonial rule.

The Role of Racism and Dehumanization

Racism is a key element in perpetuating this myth, transforming perceived traits into evidence of inherent racial inferiority. Memmi illustrates how the colonizer attributes negative qualities—wickedness, cowardice, ingratitude—to the colonized, asserting that these traits justify paternalistic control and repression. The myth absolves the colonizer of responsibility for exploitation by framing the colonized as naturally inclined to laziness and vice, thus rendering their subjugation as a form of benevolent protection.

This dehumanization is further exemplified by the treatment of the colonized as objects rather than subjects with agency. They are seen only as laborers or obstacles, denied individual recognition and liberty. They are reduced to functions or stereotypes, leaving their humanity and diversity unacknowledged.

The Psychological and Societal Effects of the Myth

Memmi emphasizes that the myth not only affects how colonizers perceive their subjects but also influences the colonized's self-perception. Repeated exposure to this image fosters internalization, leading the colonized to accept and live according to the stereotypes imposed upon them. Such internalization results in a sense of guilt, resignation, and a diminished sense of agency, perpetuating a cycle of dependency and inferiority.

Furthermore, the myth serves to legitimize repressive measures and social inequalities. It rationalizes laws, policies, and practices that restrict the colonized, arguing that these are necessary due to their supposed innate deficiencies. The myth is supported by institutional structures—legal systems, educational policies, and economic practices—that reinforce and reproduce these stereotypes, creating a self-fulfilling prophecy.

The Creation and Maintenance of the Myth

Memmi describes how the process of myth creation is intertwined with economic interests. The stereotype of laziness, for instance, justifies low wages and poor living conditions for the colonized as a natural consequence of their supposed nature. It also rationalizes the importation of European expertise, which is more profitable and perceived as superior, further entrenching disparities.

Importantly, the myth is not static but actively maintained through continuous reinforcement in discourse, education, and policy. It benefits the colonizer by protecting their privileges and exonerating them from guilt and responsibility. It also constructs an image of the colonized that makes resistance or change seem futile or unjustifiable.

Implications for Post-Colonial Societies

Memmi's critique extends beyond colonial contexts, highlighting the enduring influence of these myths in post-colonial societies. Even after independence, the residual stereotypes and societal perceptions continue to shape attitudes and policies towards formerly colonized peoples. The internalized images impede social mobility and reinforce inequalities, perpetuating a cycle of marginalization and underdevelopment.

Understanding the mythic portrait of the colonized is therefore crucial for decolonization efforts. Challenging these stereotypes involves recognizing the constructed nature of such images and affirming the humanity, diversity, and agency of formerly colonized peoples.

Conclusion

Memmi’s analysis of the mythic portrait of the colonized reveals the deep-seated ideological and psychological roots of colonial domination. It underscores that colonization is not merely a political or economic act but also a profound process of cultural and symbolic construction. Recognizing and dismantling these myths is fundamental to confronting colonial legacies and fostering true autonomy and equality. As Memmi advocates, it is essential to understand that the image of the colonized as lazy, wicked, or inferior is a myth—one that must be challenged to achieve genuine liberation.

References

• Memmi, A. (1965). The Colonizer and the Colonized. Beacon Press.
• Fanon, F. (1961). The Wretched of the Earth. Grove Press.