Use Case ID 1, 2, And Document Table 1

Use Case Id1pnguse Case Id2pnguse Casedocxtable 1use Case Id1elem

Use Case Id1pnguse Case Id2pnguse Casedocxtable 1use Case Id1elem

Use Case Id1pnguse Case Id2pnguse Casedocxtable 1use Case Id1elem

use case ID1.png Use case ID2.png use case.docx Table 1:Use Case ID:1 Element Description and Main Properties Name of use case Work order system Actors Customer(can add account, manage account, view items, place order) Admin(can approve or reject accounts, add items, update items, add and update Promotions) Triggers 1. When customer registers for an account then admin can confirm or reject it. 2. Inventory is updated after every order completed. 3.

Every item listing triggers simultaneous access by customer. Date Completed on Table 2:Use Case ID:2 Element Description and Main Properties Name of use case View Items Actor Customer(can search items, browse items, add to cart) Triggers 1. When customer adds any item to cart, it prompts for customer authentication. Date Completed on All Questions must be Cited APA format. 1.

In your opinion, how are politics and policy linked within the context of the U.S. healthcare system? 2. In your opinion, what health programs target the three major components of a national health policy: structural determinants of good health, lifestyle determinants, and socializing and empowering determinants? 3. Discuss the impact of the pharmaceutical industry spending $6.1 billion in 2010 to influence American doctors and another $4 billion on direct-to-consumer advertising.

Are there any benefits to industry advertising to the public or is it entirely negative? 4. Debate the possible consequences to the health care delivery system of adding 50 million new enrollees. How would this policy impact medical practices, clinics, hospitals and outpatient diagnostic centers? 5.

In your opinion, why has the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act - a.k.a. "Obama Care†become so political? 6. Do you believe most Americans understand how the Medicare/Medicaid programs operate? If not, why not?

Paper For Above instruction

The intricate relationship between politics and policy in the context of the U.S. healthcare system reveals a complex interplay of power, interests, and societal values shaping healthcare delivery and reform. Politics significantly influences policy outcomes through legislative priorities, lobbying efforts, and public opinion, which collectively determine the structure and functionality of healthcare programs (Ginsburg, 2012). Political ideologies often dictate the expansion or restriction of healthcare access, resource allocation, and regulatory frameworks, making politics a pivotal driver in healthcare reform initiatives.

Various health programs explicitly target the core components of a successful national health policy. For the structural determinants of health, programs such as the Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP) address socioeconomic factors by providing coverage and reducing disparities among vulnerable populations (Holahan & Weinstein, 2010). Lifestyle determinants are targeted through programs promoting health education and preventive care, exemplified by the CDC’s efforts to reduce tobacco use and obesity (Vardaman & Arora, 2015). Socializing and empowering determinants are addressed via community health initiatives like the Healthy People program, which mobilizes resources toward health equity and social determinants of health (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services [HHS], 2020).

The pharmaceutical industry’s substantial spending in 2010, amounting to $6.1 billion on efforts to influence physicians and $4 billion on advertising directly to consumers (Herper, 2012), raises concerns about the potential bias introduced into clinical decisions and patient perceptions. While such advertising can raise awareness about new treatments and encourage patient-provider discussions, it also risks promoting unnecessary medication use and increasing healthcare costs (Baker, 2013). Conversely, industry advertising can enhance patient engagement if balanced with evidence-based information, fostering informed decision-making. Therefore, the benefits of industry advertising must be weighed against its propensity to skew clinical judgment and inflame consumer demand.

The addition of 50 million new enrollees under the Affordable Care Act (ACA) presents both opportunities and challenges for the healthcare delivery system. Increased coverage could lead to higher demand for medical services, potentially overburdening existing infrastructure. Hospitals, outpatient clinics, and diagnostic centers might face resource shortages, longer wait times, and increased operational costs (Long & Mink, 2019). Conversely, greater coverage could improve population health outcomes by emphasizing preventive care and early intervention, ultimately reducing long-term healthcare costs (Sommers, Gunja, & Finegold, 2015). Nonetheless, effective scaling of healthcare workforce and infrastructure investment are essential to mitigate strain and realize the policy’s benefits.

The political contentiousness of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) stems from competing ideologies about government’s role in healthcare, concerns over cost and quality, and ideological opposition to broad federal intervention (Rosenbaum, 2014). Supporters view the ACA as a vital step toward universal coverage and healthcare equity, while opponents argue it infringes on individual freedoms and leads to increased government control. This ideological divide fuels political polarization, making healthcare reform a pivotal campaign issue and entrenching partisan debates (Blumenthal & Collins, 2014).

Most Americans lack a comprehensive understanding of how Medicare and Medicaid operate, primarily due to complexity, misinformation, and limited public health literacy (Kaiser Family Foundation, 2019). Medicaid’s eligibility varies by state and involves intricate enrollment processes, while Medicare’s structure—comprising parts A, B, C, and D—can be confusing without detailed knowledge or guidance (Mitchell, 2018). This lack of understanding hampers informed decision-making and advocacy for reforms. Therefore, increasing public awareness and education about these programs is crucial to enhancing transparency and enabling beneficiaries to maximize their benefits.

References

• Baker, R. (2013). The impact of direct-to-consumer advertising on drug utilization. Drug and Therapeutics Bulletin, 51(4), 41-44.
• Blumenthal, D., & Collins, S. R. (2014). The ACA and the future of health care reform. New England Journal of Medicine, 371(17), 1579-1581.
• Ginsburg, A. (2012). Politics, policy, and health care reform. Health Affairs, 31(2), 340-342.
• Herper, M. (2012). How drug advertising affects health care. Forbes Magazine, 6 June.
• Holahan, J., & Weinstein, M. (2010). The role of health programs in shaping health disparities. Kaiser Family Foundation.
• Kaiser Family Foundation. (2019). How well do Americans understand Medicare and Medicaid? KFF Issue Brief.
• Long, S. H., & Mink, M. (2019). The health care safety net and the impact of health reform. Health Affairs, 38(3), 390-397.
• Mitchell, S. (2018). Understanding Medicare: A guide for beneficiaries. Journal of Aging & Social Policy, 30(2), 112-130.
• Sommers, B. D., Gunja, M., & Finegold, K. (2015). The Affordable Care Act’s effects on access, affordability, and health. Health Affairs, 34(11), 2044-2051.
• U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2020). Healthy People 2030: Social determinants of health. HHS.gov