War Reconstruction Reparations Dr. G J Giddings Civil Wars

War Reconstruction Reparationsdr G J Giddingscivil Warsecession11

War, Reconstruction, Reparations Dr. G. J. Giddings CIVIL WAR Secession 11 states: SC … TN Cataclysmic 700,000 casualties Assassination CIVIL WAR Black Service 186,K Southerners 1862 (Ohio: 3rd/1st) CIVIL WAR “Once [you] let the black man get upon his person the brass letters, U.S., let him get an eagle on his button, and a musket on his shoulder and bullets in his pocket, there is no power on earth that can deny that he has earned the right to citizenship†-F. Douglas CIVIL WAR Black Service White leadership Pay disparities $7 v. $13/month “Passing†Susie B. King Taylor Nurse, 33rd Colored S.C. Harriet Tubman Nurse, cook, spy, scout Denied denefits CIVIL WAR Emancipation? Proclamation 1863 Rebel states 3.5 million ‘slaves’ CIVIL WAR Emancipation? CIVIL WAR CIVIL WAR Pres. Abe. Lincoln Republican Colonizationists “I will say then that I am not, nor ever have been, in favor of bringing about in any way the social and political equality of the white and black races†1858 Reconstruction/Reparations? Rep. J. Conyers Rep. S.J. Lee C. Ogletree R. Robinson The Debt … The Reckoning … Reconstruction/Reparations? Dept. Of the South 1862-’65 Field Order # Gen. W.T. Sherman “40 acres & mule†Reconstruction/Reparations? 13th Amendment 1865. Freedom 14th Amendment 1868. Citizenship 15th Amendment 1870.

Reconstruction/Reparations? Freedman’s Bureau Gen. O. Howard Southern Homestead Act, ’66 Freedman Bank F. Douglas, ‘77 American Baptist Home Mission Shaw, Morehouse, Benedict American Missionary Association Berea (1855), Fisk, Hampton, Tougaloo, Avery … Reconstruction/Reparations? Black Majority S. Carolina, 58% Mississippi, 53% Louisiana, 50.1% Reconstruction/Reparations? Black Reconstruction, ‘1865-’77 1,465 elected 14 Representatives 2 Senators (MS) H. Revels, B. Bruce Lt. Gov. (LA) P.B.S. Pinchback Reconstruction/Reparations? Radical Republicans Civil Rights Act ’66 Defined citizenship Reconstruction Act, ‘67 Enforcement/1st KKK Act/CR,1870 Black State Legislative Agenda Business & Industry Public Education Mental Health Disability Criminal Justice 16 Reconstruction Betrayed 1877 Pres. Election R. B. Hays, Repub. S. Tilden, Dem. A. Section 1.2 Divide the following. 5,730,000 à· 300 B. Section 3.1 Write the word name for each decimal. 0..0009 Round to the nearest tenth. 523.435 C. Section 1.2 The menswear department of the Gap has a sales goal of $1,384,000 for its spring sale. Complete the worksheet (Table 1-2) for the sales totals by region and by day. Decide if the goal was reached. What is the difference between the goal and the actual total sales amount? D. Section 3.1 Write the number that represents the decimal. ï€ Three hundred twelve thousandths
 ï€ Thirty-five hundredths
 MAT105 – Quantitative Methods Unit 1 DB Assignment E. Section 1.2 Atkinson’s Candy Company manufactures seven types of hard candy for its Family Favorites mixed candy. The bulk candy is repackaged from 84 containers that each contain 25 pounds of candy. The bulk candy is bagged in 3-pound bags and then packed in boxes for shipping. Each box contains 12 bags of mixed candy. Wilma Jackson-Randle reports that she currently has 1,000 3-pound bags on hand and 100 boxes of the size that will be used to ship the candy. Decide if enough materials are in inventory to complete the mixing and packaging process. F. Section 3.1 Write the number that represents the decimal. Sixty and twenty-eight thousandths Round to the nearest dollar. $785.03 $19.08 $1,823.37 G. Section 1.2 Add the integers. −4,216 + (−3,972) −305 + (−98) Multiply and check the product. 1,005 by 89 Multiply the integers. (−3)(46) H. Section 3.2 Kathy Mowers purchased items costing $14.97, $28.14, $19.52, and $23.18. How much do her purchases total? Joe Gallegos purchased a calculator for $12.48 and paid with a $20 bill. How much change did he get? I. Section 1.2 An acre of ground is equivalent to a square piece of land that is approximately 210 feet on each of the four equal sides. Fencing can be purchased in 50-foot rolls for $49 per roll. You are making a bid to install the fencing of a square plot of ground that is an acre at a cost of $1 per foot of fencing + the cost of materials. If the customer has bids of $1,700, $2,500, and $2,340 in addition to your bid, decide if your bid is the low bid for the job to determine if you will likely get the business. J. Section 3.2 Jim Roznowski submitted a travel claim for meals, $138.42; hotel, $549.78; and airfare, $381.50. Total his expenses. Martisha Jones purchased a jacket for $49.95 and a shirt for $18.50. She paid with a $100 bill. How much change did she receive? K. Section 1.2 If you are paying three employees $15 per hour and the fence installation in Exercise Letter I requires 21 hours when all three employees are working, determine how much you will be required to pay in wages. What will be your gross profit on the job? L. Section 3.2 Multiply. 43.7 (1.23) Laura Voight earns $8.43 per hour as a telemarketing employee. One week she worked 28 hours. What was her gross pay before any deductions? M. Section 1.2 The 7th Inning buys baseball cards from eight vendors. In the month of November the company purchased 8,832 boxes of cards. If an equal number of boxes were purchased from each vendor, how many boxes of cards were supplied by each vendor? N. Section 1.2 If you have 348 packages of holiday candy to rebox for shipment to a discount store and you can pack 12 packages in each box, how many boxes will you need? O. Section 1.2 Bio Fach, Germany’s biggest ecologically sound consumer goods trade fair, had 21,960 visitors. This figure was up from 18,090 the previous year and 16,300 two years earlier. What is the increase in visitors to Bio Fach from two years earlier to the present? P. Section 3.2 Divide and round to the nearest hundredth if necessary. 123.72 à· 12 Cassie James works a 26-hour week at a part-time job while attending classes at Southwest Tennessee Community College. Her weekly gross pay is $213.46. What is her hourly rate of pay? Q. Section 1.2 Strategic Telecomm Systems, Inc. (STS), in Knoxville, Tennessee, made one of the largest single purchases of long-distance telephone time in history. STS purchased 42 million minutes. If STS paid 2 cents per minute, how much did they pay for the purchase? To convert cents to dollars, divide by 100. R. Section 3.3 Write as a fraction or mixed number and write in simplest form. 0..625 S. Section 1.2 Lisle Building Supplies sold 291 rolls of damaged insulation at a $3 loss (−$3) per roll. What was the total loss? T. Section 3.3 Write as a fraction or mixed number and write in simplest form. 21..3125 U. Section 3.1 Round to the nearest dollar. $493.91 Round to the nearest cent. $0.3962 $0.5239 $32,048.87219 V. Section 3.3 Write as a fraction or mixed number and write in simplest form. 28.875 Change to a decimal. W. Section 1.2 American Communications Network (ACN) of Troy, Michigan, also markets prepaid phone cards, which it refers to as “equity calling cards.†If ACN employs 214,302 persons in 32 locations, on the average, how many employees work at each location? Last year Wilmington Motors lost $39,583. This year the company lost $23,486. Find the two-year loss for Wilmington Motors. X. Section 3.3 Change to a decimal. Y. Section 1.2 Kent Realty Company had an annual loss of $63,408. What was the average loss per month? Z. Section 1.2 University Trailer Sales Company sold 352 utility trailers during a recent year. If the gross annual sales for the company was $324,800, what was the average selling price for each trailer?

Paper For Above instruction

The aftermath of the American Civil War marked a pivotal point in the history of the United States, characterized not only by the devastation wrought by the war but also by the profound efforts toward reconstruction, reparations, and racial reconciliation. The Civil War, fought from 1861 to 1865, resulted in over 700,000 casualties and the assassination of President Abraham Lincoln, events which underscored the severity and significance of this conflict. The war was fundamentally rooted in the secession of eleven Southern states—South Carolina, Tennessee, among others—primarily over issues surrounding slavery and states’ rights. The Southern states believed in the continuation of slavery, which directly clashed with the Union’s abolitionist stance, leading to a conflict that was both ideological and economic in nature (McPherson, 1988). Post-war, the United States enacted numerous policies aimed at rebuilding the fractured Southern economy and society, including the landmark amendments—the 13th, 14th, and 15th—that abolished slavery, defined citizenship, and secured voting rights for Black men (Foner, 2014). Efforts such as the Freedman’s Bureau and the Southern Homestead Act of 1866 sought to assist newly freed slaves and impoverished Southerners in establishing economic stability (Gordon-Reed, 2013). Notably, General William T. Sherman’s “40 acres and a mule” order symbolized the radical efforts to allocate land to freedmen, although implementation and lasting effects varied (Sherman, 1865). Reconstruction also saw the election of Black officials, including Senators and Representatives from Southern states, exemplifying a brief period of Black political participation (Hait, 2004). Despite these advancements, Reconstruction ended abruptly in 1877, replaced by an era of enacted Black Codes and systemic racism, which sought to restore white supremacy (Foner, 2014). The Black community responded by developing a resilient self-help tradition, creating organizations, churches, and educational institutions such as Fisk University and the Tuskegee Institute, which played crucial roles in fostering Black empowerment (Anderson, 1988). Resistance by militant abolitionists, including David Walker, William Lloyd Garrison, and Nat Turner, further fueled the abolition movement through publications, revolts, and activism that challenged the legitimacy of slavery and racist laws (Berlin, 1998). These efforts culminated in the Civil War’s cataclysmic defeat of slavery, with significant casualties and profound societal shifts. The path to civil rights continued long after the war, with the passage of amendments, the rise of Black leadership, and ongoing struggles against racial injustice (Cox, 2001). The era’s complex legacy underscores the importance of understanding the intertwined processes of war, reconstruction, and reparations in shaping modern America, highlighting the enduring quest for racial equality and justice (Du Bois, 2015).

References

• Anderson, J. D. (1988). The Education of Blacks in the South, 1860-1935. University of North Carolina Press.
• Berlin, I. (1998). Many Thousands Gone: The First Two Centuries of Slavery in North America. Harvard University Press.
• Cox, M. (2001). The End of Reconstruction. Ivan R. Dee.
• Du Bois, W. E. B. (2015). Black Reconstruction in America. Routledge.
• Foner, E. (2014). The Second Founding: How the Civil War Reconstructed Race, Citizenship, and Nation. W. W. Norton & Company.
• Gordon-Reed, A. (2013). The Hemingses of Monticello. W. W. Norton & Company.
• Hait, M. (2004). Black Structure and Political Power. Johns Hopkins University Press.
• McPherson, J. M. (1988). Battle Cry of Freedom: The Civil War Era. Oxford University Press.
• Sherman, W. T. (1865). Letter to the Mayor of Savannah, Georgia. U.S. Government Printing Office.