Week 3 Ch 4a Questions You Must Make Your Own Calculations

Week 3 Ch 4a Questionsyou Must Make Your Own Calculations And You Mu

Consider a binary classification problem with the following set of attributes and attribute values:

  • Air Conditioner = {Working, Broken}
  • Engine = {Good, Bad}
  • Mileage = {High, Medium, Low}
  • Rust = {Yes, No}

Suppose a rule-based classifier produces the following rule set: (a) Are the rules mutually exclusive? (b) Is the rule set exhaustive? (c) Is ordering needed for this set of rules? (d) Do you need a default class for the rule set?

Consider a training set that contains 100 positive examples and 400 negative examples. For each of the following candidate rules:

  • R1: A → + (covers 4 positive and 1 negative examples)
  • R2: B → + (covers 30 positive and 10 negative examples)
  • R3: C → + (covers 100 positive and 90 negative examples)

Note: The rules do not cover the entire training set. This is not an exhaustive rule set. (a) Determine which is the best and worst candidate rule according to Rule accuracy. (b) Determine which is the best and worst candidate rule according to FOIL’s information gain.

Review of FOIL’s Information Gain R0: {} => class (initial rule); R1: {A} => class (rule after adding conjunct). Gain(R0, R1) = t [ log (p1/(p1+n1)) – log (p0/(p0 + n0)) ], where… t (total) number of positive instances covered by both R0 and R1; p0 number of positive instances covered by R0; n0 number of negative instances covered by R0; p1 number of positive instances covered by R1; n1 number of negative instances covered by R1.

Consider the one-dimensional data set shown below. Data set for Exercise 3. x 0..........5 y – 1st y – 2nd y – 3rd y – 4th

  1. Place the indicated symbol ( + or - ) into each cell for the purpose of classifying the data point x = 5.0 according to its 1-, 3-, 5-, and 9-nearest neighbors (using majority vote).

Answer: Number of data points symbol to be used/inserted into y row

  1. 1-nearest neighbor +
  2. 3-nearest neighbor -
  3. 5-nearest neighbor +
  4. 9-nearest neighbor -

Week 3 Chapter 4B Questions

1. Begin by writing the formula for each calculation, then show your steps to arrive at your answer.

  • a. Calculate Accuracy
  • b. Precision
  • c. Recall
  • d. F-Measure

2. Begin by writing the formula for each calculation, then show your steps to arrive at your answer.

  • a. Calculate Accuracy
  • b. Precision
  • c. Recall
  • d. F-Measure

3. (a) Suppose the fraction of undergraduate students who smoke is 15% and the fraction of graduate students who smoke is 23%. If one-fifth of the college students are graduate students and the rest are undergraduates, what is the probability that a student who smokes is a graduate student? Answer (b) Given the information in part (a), is a randomly chosen college student more likely to be a graduate or undergraduate student? Answer (c) Repeat part (b) assuming that the student is a smoker. Answer: (d) Suppose 30% of the graduate students live in a dorm but only 10% of the undergraduate students live in a dorm. If a student smokes and lives in the dorm, is he or she more likely to be a graduate or undergraduate student? You can assume independence between students who live in a dorm and those who smoke. Answer: Bayes Theorem

4. Consider the data set below. (a) Estimate the conditional probabilities for (P(A|+), P(B|+), P(C|+), P(A|-), P(B|-), P(C|-)). (b) Use the estimate of conditional probabilities given in the previous question to predict the class label for a test sample (A=0, B=1, C=0) using the naive Bayes approach.

SWOT Analysis Example

You will find an extensive introduction to SWOT in Module Three and an example below. Your SWOT should contain no less than five factors in each of the four categories. If you cannot identify 5-6 legitimate factors for each category, you may not have given your product or service adequate consideration and thought. You will also create a SWOT action plan.

The concept behind a SWOT Action Plan is that, as business managers, we like to get things done! Our job is to fix problems and capitalize on opportunities. SWOT is a very useful tool for analyzing our business and the business environment (see Module 2 for more on this). However, the best analysis is useless without action to apply the information. The SWOT action plan does just that.

It applies the information you uncovered in your analysis. You will select ONE item from each of the four categories and write a very brief action plan based on the following:

  • Strength: What will you do to take advantage of this strength? How will you make the most of it?
  • Weakness: What will you do to minimize the negative impact on your business?
  • Opportunity: How will you capitalize on this opportunity? How can you use it to generate revenue, build your brand or improve your competitive position?
  • Threat: How will you avoid this threat or minimize its impact on the business?

You will find an example of what is expected for your Action Plan below. Note: You have the option to vary your layout, format, use of color and other stylistic devices. This is ONLY an example; however, the use of a chart of some type is required.

SWOT ANALYSIS: LEO TREK

Leo Trek is a student owned and operated business located near Saint Leo University. The firm provides small van transportation on Thursday through Sunday to high demand locations in Hillsborough and Pasco counties, such as Wiregrass, The Grove Shopping Center, downtown Dade City, and Ybor City. The firm aims to reduce student driving, thus providing a safer campus, while generating revenue and creating student employment. The firm’s internal strengths and weaknesses, as well as external opportunities and threats, are outlined below.

INTERNAL
Strengths
  • Increases student safety
  • Provides economical transportation
  • High demand among students
  • Parental support
  • Fleet is used and requires maintenance
Weaknesses
  • Limited experience of management team
  • Low capital reserves
  • High liability
  • Driver unreliability
  • Perceived as being “green”
EXTERNAL
Opportunities
  • Increasing insurance rates for young drivers
  • Low barrier to entry
  • Student demand for other stops
  • Students prefer flexibility of their own cars
  • The university limiting cars for freshmen
  • Limited student budgets
  • Pressure and concern from parents
  • Regulation limiting the firm’s services
  • Student perception of the service
  • Threats
  • Student perception of the service

Action Items: As a result of this SWOT analysis, the Leo Trek team has identified four areas requiring particular attention.

A key Strength is the positive perception this service will have among Saint Leo parents. Driving is always a concern for parents, especially during “party time weekends” and we believe that they will be willing to pay a reasonable fee to our firm to relieve that anxiety. A Weakness of particular concern is the firm’s liability. This is inherent in any firm providing transportation, and of particular concern given the youth of our drivers. We plan to minimize this Weakness with driver screening, regular training, and insurance.

We believe an important growth Opportunity is student perception of the service. If we can properly promote the service as being convenient, safe, and “cool,” we can leverage the natural buzz found on campus and expand our ridership. The Threat most concerning is the lack of scheduling flexibility. While our vans will run regular schedules, allowing students to plan trips, we lack the spontaneity of going “where you want, when you want.” This will be hard to minimize as the vans can only travel so often, however, we believe that emphasizing safety and fun in advertising can offset this inconvenience.

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