Which Of The Following Are True Statements About The Contrac

Which Of The Following Are True Statements About The Contraction Cycle

Which of the following are true statements about the contraction cycle? Select all correct statements. Myosin filaments pull on neighboring actin filaments. The detachment of myosin heads from actin requires ATP. Creatine phosphate is converted to ATP. The binding of ATP to myosin causes the thin filament to move towards the Z discs. Actin proteins rotate to pull the thin filament towards the M line of the sarcomere.

Paper For Above instruction

The contraction cycle, also known as the cross-bridge cycle, is a fundamental process in muscle physiology that enables skeletal and cardiac muscles to generate force and produce movement. This cycle involves a series of biochemical and structural events whereby myosin heads interact with actin filaments to produce contraction. Several statements related to this cycle are often evaluated for their accuracy, and understanding which are correct is crucial for grasping muscle physiology.

Myosin filaments pull on neighboring actin filaments

This statement is incorrect. Myosin filaments are composed of myosin proteins, which are responsible for pulling on actin filaments, not the other way around. During muscle contraction, myosin heads form cross-bridges with actin filaments, pulling them toward the center of the sarcomere. However, it is the myosin filaments that act as the motor units, pulling on actin, which are the thin filaments. Therefore, the directionality is from myosin to actin, not vice versa.

The detachment of myosin heads from actin requires ATP

This statement is correct. The process of muscle contraction is cyclic and requires ATP for myosin heads to detach from actin filaments. After forming a cross-bridge and performing a power stroke to slide the actin filament, the binding of ATP to myosin causes the myosin head to release from actin. Without ATP, the myosin heads remain attached, leading to rigidity, as observed in rigor mortis.

Creatine phosphate is converted to ATP

This statement is accurate. Creatine phosphate (CP) serves as an immediate energy reserve in muscle cells. It donates a phosphate group to ADP to rapidly regenerate ATP during initial muscle exertion, especially during short, intense activities. This reaction is catalyzed by the enzyme creatine kinase. The stored energy in creatine phosphate helps sustain muscle contraction before the slower processes of glycolysis or oxidative phosphorylation can meet the energy demand.

The binding of ATP to myosin causes the thin filament to move towards the Z discs

This statement is false. The binding of ATP to myosin causes the myosin head to detach from actin, but it does not directly cause the thin filament to move towards the Z discs. Instead, ATP binding leads to the release of myosin from actin. The actual movement of the thin filament occurs during the power stroke when the myosin head returns to its cocked position after hydrolyzing ATP to ADP and Pi, pulling the actin filament toward the M line, not the Z discs.

Actin proteins rotate to pull the thin filament towards the M line of the sarcomere

This statement is incorrect. Actin filaments do not rotate to produce contraction. Instead, myosin heads cyclically attach to and pull on actin filaments in a stepwise manner, sliding them past the myosin filaments to shorten the sarcomere. This cross-bridge cycling results in the movement of the thin filament toward the M line during contraction, but it does not involve rotation of actin proteins. The process is primarily a linear sliding mechanism facilitated by conformational changes in myosin heads.

Conclusion

Among the statements, the correct ones about the contraction cycle are that the detachment of myosin heads from actin requires ATP, and that creatine phosphate is converted to ATP. The other statements either misrepresent the directionality of force generation, the mechanics of filament movement, or biological processes involved in muscle contraction. Understanding these mechanisms is essential for comprehending how muscles generate force at the molecular level.

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