Chapter 13 Class Participation: Make Sure That You Use Compl ✓ Solved

Chapter 13 Class Participationmake Sure That You Use Complete

Compare and contrast the view of Burt and Paysnick of resilience in the transition into adulthood with the descriptions of Joseph and Claudia Allen on the challenges of becoming a competent adult. What are the predictors of “hooking up” in early adulthood? Can creativity be cultivated and how can it be accomplished? According to Csikszentmihalyi, what is this called?

What are the advantages and disadvantages of working during college? How do temperament and attachment in infancy relate to temperament and attachment in adulthood? Define consensual validation and matching hypothesis. How are they alike and different? Are males or females more likely to seek a divorce? Why? What are the advantages and disadvantages of having children later in early adulthood?

Your textbook states that middle adulthood is a period of balance in gains and losses. Explain this statement and give examples. Discuss the effect of high blood pressure (hypertension) on the brain. List the aspects of intelligence which tend to peak and decrease in middle adulthood.

How does the effect of a high level of religious commitment and spirituality compare to eating fruits and vegetables and taking statin drugs for cardiovascular disease? Darrel has worked hard and retired at age 55. He spends his time tending a garden, traveling, and meeting his buddies for coffee on Thursday mornings. He avoids contact with his children and grandchildren since they are bothersome to his relaxed lifestyle. When asked to participate in community projects he declines saying he doesn’t have the time for such things. He watches reruns of his favorite shows and pays no attention to news programs. How would Erikson classify Darrel and what would he predict concerning late adulthood? What is the social clock? Is there intergenerational agreement concerning the social clock? What is the effect of the empty nest on the marital relationship?

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The transition into adulthood is a complex process that involves a multitude of psychological and social changes. Burt and Paysnick's perspective on resilience emphasizes the adaptive strategies that young adults develop in response to the challenges of this transition. They argue that resilience is not merely an intrinsic quality but rather a dynamic process that interacts with the environment. On the other hand, Joseph and Claudia Allen focus on the challenges of becoming a competent adult, highlighting emotional and social competencies essential for thriving in adult life. While Burt and Paysnick view resilience as a critical predictor of success in adulthood, the Allens underline the importance of supportive relationships and self-regulation in navigating the difficulties young adults face (Burt & Paysnick, 2012; Allen & Allen, 2013).

In the context of early adulthood, the current dating landscape has transformed, leading to the phenomenon of "hooking up." Predictors of this behavior include cultural attitudes toward casual sex, social networks, and personal values. Young adults often experience pressure from peers and media that normalizes hookup culture, which may diverge from traditional dating models (Bogle, 2008; Fielder & Carey, 2010). This shift highlights the evolution of relationships during this developmental phase.

Creativity, often viewed as an inherent talent, can indeed be cultivated. Csikszentmihalyi defines this phenomenon as "flow," where individuals immerse themselves in activities that challenge and engage them. By fostering environments that encourage exploration and risk-taking, educators and mentors can nurture creativity in young adults (Csikszentmihalyi, 1996).

Working during college offers various advantages, such as financial independence and the development of time-management skills. However, it can also lead to stress and burnout, affecting academic performance (Pascarella & Terenzini, 2005). Moreover, early temperament and attachment styles significantly influence adult relationships. Secure attachment established in infancy often correlates with healthy adult relationships, while insecure attachment patterns may lead to issues in intimacy (Shaver & Mikulincer, 2002).

Two psychological concepts relevant to relationships are consensual validation and the matching hypothesis. Consensual validation refers to the tendency to seek partners who share similar values and beliefs, whereas the matching hypothesis posits that individuals select partners with similar levels of attractiveness and social status. While both concepts address the search for compatible partners, consensual validation emphasizes psychological compatibility, while the matching hypothesis extends to social traits (Berscheid & Reis, 1998).

Research indicates that females are statistically more likely to file for divorce compared to males. This trend may be attributed to higher expectations regarding relationship satisfaction and emotional support (Amato, 2000). Choosing to have children later in life has both advantages, like enhanced financial stability, and disadvantages, such as increased health risks for both mothers and children (Belsky, 2013).

Middle adulthood is often described as a period of balance, characterized by both gains and losses. Individuals experience the peak of certain cognitive abilities, such as crystallized intelligence, which includes accumulated knowledge and verbal skills. Conversely, fluid intelligence, which involves problem-solving and adaptability, may begin to decline (Salthouse, 2009). These changes are normal and highlight the evolution of intelligence across the lifespan.

The impact of high blood pressure on the brain is profound, contributing to cognitive decline and increased risk of stroke. Chronic hypertension can lead to vascular dementia, impairing cognitive function and overall quality of life (O'Brien & Waddington, 2013).

Comparatively, a high level of religious commitment and spirituality has been associated with better health outcomes than simply increasing fruit and vegetable intake or taking statin drugs for cardiovascular health. Studies suggest that spirituality contributes to a more positive outlook on life, which can have significant psychological and physiological benefits (Koenig, 2012).

Analyzing the character of Darrel, Erikson would likely classify him in the stage of ego integrity versus despair in late adulthood. His avoidance of family connections may reflect a potential regression into despair as he struggles with feelings of isolation and unfulfillment. According to Erikson, individuals who reflect positively on their lives typically experience a sense of integrity, while those who dwell on regrets may face despair (Erikson, 1982).

The social clock represents societal expectations for life milestones, such as marriage and parenthood. There tends to be intergenerational agreement on timing these milestones, though cultural shifts can modify perceptions (Elder, 1994). Lastly, the empty nest often rejuvenates marital relationships, allowing couples to rediscover companionship and intimacy. However, this transition may also pose challenges as couples navigate their new dynamics (Lauer & Lauer, 1994).

References

• Allen, J. P., & Allen, A. (2013). The role of family in adolescent resilience. In A. Masten & L. Obradović (Eds.), From childhood to adulthood: A developmental perspective (pp. 54-72). New York: Cambridge University Press.
• Amato, P. R. (2000). The consequences of divorce for adults and children. Journal of Marriage and Family, 62(4), 1269-1287.
• Belsky, J. (2013). Experiencing childhood: Discovering the impact of parenting styles. New York: St. Martin's Press.
• Berscheid, E., & Reis, H. T. (1998). Attraction and close relationships. In D. T. Gilbert, S. T. Fiske, & G. Lindzey (Eds.), The handbook of social psychology (4th ed., Vol. 2, pp. 193-281). New York: McGraw-Hill.
• Bogle, K. A. (2008). Hooking up: Sex, dating, and relationships on campus. New York: New York University Press.
• Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1996). Creativity: Flow and the psychology of discovery and invention. New York: HarperCollins.
• Elder, G. H. (1994). The life course as developmental theory. Child Development, 65(1), 1-12.
• Fielder, R. L., & Carey, K. B. (2010). Prevalence and characteristics of sexual hook-up behavior: A longitudinal study. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 39(6), 1284-1297.
• Koenig, H. G. (2012). Religion, spirituality, and health: The research and clinical implications. ISRN Psychiatry, 2012, 1-36.
• Lauer, R. H., & Lauer, C. (1994). The interpersonal dynamics of marriage. New York: HarperCollins.
• O'Brien, J. T., & Waddington, J. (2013). The impact of hypertension on cognitive function and quality of life. Neurobiology of Aging, 34(6), 1425-1431.
• Pascarella, E. T., & Terenzini, P. T. (2005). How college affects students: A third decade of research. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
• Salthouse, T. A. (2009). When does age-related cognitive decline begin? Neurobiology of Aging, 30(4), 507-514.
• Shaver, P., & Mikulincer, M. (2002). Attachment theories and close relationships. In J. A. Simpson & W. S. Rholes (Eds.), Attachment theory and close relationships (pp. 17-36). New York: Guilford Press.