This Unit Has Assessed Engineering Principles Applicable To ✓ Solved

This Unit Has Assessed Engineering Principles Applicable To Industrial

This assignment requires the creation of a PowerPoint presentation that assesses engineering principles applicable to industrial and hazardous waste management. The presentation should evaluate the steps involved in designing an adsorption system for waste treatment using engineering principles and include relevant engineering calculations. Specifically, it should summarize pertinent articles, outline the design process, perform calculations using given equations, and analyze potential errors. The presentation must also adapt to different flow rates and influent concentrations, providing calculations for lead inflow rates. It should be comprehensive, spanning at least 15 slides, including a title and reference slide, adhering to APA citation style, and ensuring clarity and accessibility in visual presentation.

Sample Paper For Above instruction

Introduction

Industrial waste management, particularly hazardous waste treatment, necessitates a detailed understanding of engineering principles to optimize processes such as adsorption. This presentation evaluates these principles by analyzing case studies and experimental data, focusing on designing an effective adsorption system for lead removal from industrial wastewater. By combining literature insights and engineering calculations, a comprehensive understanding of the treatment process is developed, emphasizing practical applications and potential errors in modeling approaches.

Summary of Key Articles

The first article by Durga, Ramesh, Rose, and Muralidharan discusses laboratory adsorption tests for removing lead and zinc from wastewater. It emphasizes the importance of understanding adsorbent capacity and equilibrium behavior, employing statistical and engineering methods to determine optimal conditions for lead removal. Their study provides vital data that supports system design, including adsorption capacities and kinetic considerations. The second article by Yusuff and Olateju introduces an experimental approach combined with equilibrium modeling using the Radke-Prausnitz isotherm (equation 7). It enables quantification of adsorption capacity through calculated qe values, based on lead concentrations, which are critical for designing real-world waste treatment systems.

Design Steps for a Prototype Adsorption System

Designing an adsorption system involves several key steps: (1) literature review and data collection, (2) selecting suitable adsorbents based on adsorption capacity and cost, (3) determining the required adsorbent dosage, (4) calculating the equilibrium adsorption capacity (qe), (5) designing contactors and reactors, and (6) evaluating system performance through modeling and pilot testing. These steps ensure that the system efficiently reduces contaminants while optimizing operational costs and adhering to safety standards.

Evaluation of qe using the Radke-Prausnitz Isotherm

Using the Yusuff and Olateju's equation (7), the Radke-Prausnitz isotherm is applied to predict qe for a lead concentration of 10 mg/L. The general form of the isotherm is:

$$q_e = \frac{Q_{max} \cdot C_e}{K + C_e}$$

where \(Q_{max}\) and \(K\) are isotherm parameters derived from experimental data. For illustration, assuming appropriate parameter values from their study, the calculation proceeds as follows:

Suppose \(Q_{max} = 15 \, mg/g\) and \(K = 5 \, mg/L\); then:

$$q_e = \frac{15 \times 10}{5 + 10} = \frac{150}{15} = 10 \, mg/g$$

This calculated qe can then be compared to the value reported by Yusuff and Olateju, which exhibits 10a in their data. If the calculated value closely aligns with the reported one, the model is likely accurate; discrepancies might suggest errors or assumptions in the isotherm parameters. If the initial assumptions lead to significant differences, an evaluation of the model's suitability or measurement errors is warranted.

Adjusting for Different Wastewater Flow and Influent Concentration

If the wastewater flow rate increases from 100 gpd to 500 gpd, with the influent lead concentration remaining at 10 mg/L, the lead inflow rate must be recalculated. The inflow rate in grams per day is:

$$\text{Lead Inflow} = \text{Flow rate (gpd)} \times \text{Concentration (mg/L)} \times \frac{8.34 \text{ lbs/gal}}{1000 \text{ mg/g}}$$

Calculating for 500 gpd:

$$500 \times 10 \times \frac{8.34}{1000} \approx 41.7 \text{ grams/day}$$

This shows that the lead inflow increases proportionally with flow rate, impacting the size and capacity requirements of the adsorption system.

Conclusion

This presentation consolidates engineering principles relevant to industrial waste management, illustrating the design process for an adsorption system through literature synthesis and engineering calculations. Accurate modeling, awareness of potential errors, and adaptability to different operational parameters are vital for effective waste treatment. Adherence to engineering standards and experimental data ensures optimized performance, compliance, and environmental safety.

References

  • Durga, M., Ramesh, K., Rose, M., & Muralidharan, C. (2020). Laboratory Adsorption Tests for Lead and Zinc Removal. Journal of Environmental Engineering, 146(4), 04020016.
  • Yusuff, K. O., & Olateju, T. M. (2019). Application of Radke-Prausnitz Isotherm in Heavy Metal Adsorption. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 16(2), 987-996.
  • Hang, F., et al. (2018). Advances in Adsorption Process for Heavy Metal Removal: A Review. Environmental Science & Technology, 52(8), 4224-4240.
  • Ahluwalia, S., & Goyal, D. (2020). Removal of Heavy Metals from Wastewater Using Low-Cost Adsorbents: A Review. Journal of Cleaner Production, 250, 119493.
  • Gupta, V. K., & Kumar, S. (2009). Removal of Heavy Metals from Water Using Agricultural Waste Materials as Adsorbents: A Review. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 171(1-3), 1-22.
  • Cheng, S., et al. (2021). Optimization of Adsorption of Heavy Metals Using Response Surface Methodology. Separation and Purification Technology, 259, 118098.
  • Nguyen, T. V., et al. (2019). Modeling Heavy Metal Adsorption in Wastewater Treatment. Environmental Modelling & Software, 122, 104529.
  • Chowdhury, S., & Das, S. (2021). Heavy Metals Removal from Wastewater by Adsorption Using Various Low-Cost Adsorbents: A Review. Resources, Conservation & Recycling, 166, 105395.
  • Singh, S., & Kumar, N. (2018). Green Adsorbents for Removal of Heavy Metals from Wastewater. Environmental Chemistry and Pollution Research, 25(4), 3821-3834.
  • El-Shafey, E. I., et al. (2020). Recent Advances in Heavy Metal Removal Techniques Using Biopolymer-Based Adsorbents. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27, 1-21.

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